Arbre de décision (apprentissage)

L’apprentissage par arbre de décision désigne une méthode basée sur l'utilisation d'un arbre de décision comme modèle prédictif. On l'utilise notamment en fouille de données et en apprentissage automatique. Dans ces structures d'arbre, les feuilles représentent les valeurs de la variable-cible et les embranchements correspondent à des combinaisons de variables d'entrée qui mènent à ces valeurs. En analyse de décision, un arbre de décision peut être utilisé pour représenter de manière explicite les décisions réalisées et les processus qui les amènent. En apprentissage et en fouille de données, un arbre de décision décrit les données mais pas les décisions elles-mêmes, l'arbre serait utilisé comme point de départ au processus de décision. C'est une technique d'apprentissage supervisé : on utilise un ensemble de données pour lesquelles on connaît la valeur de la variable-cible afin de construire l'arbre (données dites étiquetées), puis on extrapole les résultats à l'ensemble des données

Forecasting price spikes in European day-ahead electricity markets using decision trees

Anna Fragkioudaki

Although the techniques for normal price prediction are well advanced, price spike prediction remains a challenge. The aim of this paper is to present a method to predict both normal day-ahead electricity prices as well as day-ahead price spikes using classification and regression trees. The models are build using historical data of European electricity market and transmission system variables. The proposed method is tested on several bidding zones of Europe. © 2015 IEEE.

IEEE2015

Alternative Search Techniques for Face Detection Using Location Estimation and Binary Features

Venkatesh Bala Subburaman

The sliding window approach is the most widely used technique to detect objects from an image. In the past few years, classifiers have been improved in many ways to increase the scanning speed. Apart from the classifier design (such as the cascade), the scanning speed also depends on a number of different factors (such as grid spacing, and scale at which the image is searched). Scanning grid spacing controls the number of subwindows being processed, thus controlling the speed of detection. When the scanning grid spacing is larger than the tolerance of the trained classifier it can suffer from low detections. In this thesis, we propose an alternative search technique, which can improve the detections when lesser number of subwindows are processed. First, we present a technique to reduce the number of miss detections while increasing the grid spacing when using the sliding window approach for object detection. This is achieved by using a small patch to predict the location of an object within a local search area. To achieve speed, it is necessary that the time taken for location prediction is comparable or better than the time it takes in average for the object classifier to reject a subwindow. We use binary features and a decision tree as it proved to be efficient for our application. In the process we also propose a variation of an existing binary feature (Ferns) with similar performance, and requires only half the number of pixel access when compared to Fern feature. We analyze the effect of patch size on location estimation and also evaluate our approach on several face databases. Experimental evaluation shows better detection rate and speed with our proposed approach for larger grid spacing (lesser number of subwindows) when compared to standard scanning technique. We also show that by using a simple interest point detector based on quantized gradient orientation, as the front-end to the proposed location estimation technique, we can achieve better performance even when fewer number of subwindows are processed. The interest points detected can be assumed as a non-regular grid compared to regular grid in the sliding window framework. A few image patches are sampled around an interest point for estimating the probable face location and further verified using a strong face classifier. Experiment results show that using an interest point detector can reduce the number of subwindows processed while maintaining a good detection rate.

EPFL2012

Alternative Search Techniques for Face Detection Using Location Estimation and Binary Features

Venkatesh Bala Subburaman

EPFL2012

Arbre de décision (apprentissage)

Study and improvement of the decision algorithm used for supplier selection in the XBeerGame

Forecasting price spikes in European day-ahead electricity markets using decision trees

Alternative Search Techniques for Face Detection Using Location Estimation and Binary Features

Forecasting price spikes in European day-ahead electricity markets using decision trees

Study and improvement of the decision algorithm used for supplier selection in the XBeerGame

Alternative Search Techniques for Face Detection Using Location Estimation and Binary Features