Euler's laws of motionIn classical mechanics, Euler's laws of motion are equations of motion which extend Newton's laws of motion for point particle to rigid body motion. They were formulated by Leonhard Euler about 50 years after Isaac Newton formulated his laws. Euler's first law states that the rate of change of linear momentum p of a rigid body is equal to the resultant of all the external forces Fext acting on the body: Internal forces between the particles that make up a body do not contribute to changing the momentum of the body as there is an equal and opposite force resulting in no net effect.
Phénomène de transfertUn phénomène de transfert (ou phénomène de transport) est un phénomène irréversible durant lequel une grandeur physique est transportée par le biais de molécules. C'est un phénomène transversal présent dans tous les domaines de la science et en ingénierie. Tous les phénomènes de transport ont pour origine l'inhomogénéité d'une grandeur intensive. C'est la tendance spontanée des systèmes physiques et chimiques à rendre uniformes ces grandeurs qui provoquent le transport.
Cinétique du point matériel ou sans masseLa cinétique du point matériel ou sans masse est une théorie définissant le mouvement d'une particule de masse positive ou nulle dans un référentiel en tenant compte de son inertie (c'est-à-dire principalement de sa masse inerte). La cinétique du point matériel apparaît sous sa forme classique avec Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727) ; plus de deux siècles plus tard - en 1905 - Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955) crée la cinétique des particules matérielles sous sa forme relativiste ainsi que celle du photon (base de la cinétique des particules sans masse).
Flow velocityIn continuum mechanics the flow velocity in fluid dynamics, also macroscopic velocity in statistical mechanics, or drift velocity in electromagnetism, is a vector field used to mathematically describe the motion of a continuum. The length of the flow velocity vector is the flow speed and is a scalar. It is also called velocity field; when evaluated along a line, it is called a velocity profile (as in, e.g., law of the wall).
Material derivativeIn continuum mechanics, the material derivative describes the time rate of change of some physical quantity (like heat or momentum) of a material element that is subjected to a space-and-time-dependent macroscopic velocity field. The material derivative can serve as a link between Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of continuum deformation. For example, in fluid dynamics, the velocity field is the flow velocity, and the quantity of interest might be the temperature of the fluid.
Elasticity tensorThe elasticity tensor is a fourth-rank tensor describing the stress-strain relation in a linear elastic material. Other names are elastic modulus tensor and stiffness tensor. Common symbols include and . The defining equation can be written as where and are the components of the Cauchy stress tensor and infinitesimal strain tensor, and are the components of the elasticity tensor. Summation over repeated indices is implied. This relationship can be interpreted as a generalization of Hooke's law to a 3D continuum.
