Bracket | EPFL Graph Search

A bracket, as used in British English, is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or 'right' bracket or, alternatively, an "opening bracket" or "closing bracket", respectively, depending on the directionality of the context. There are four primary types of brackets. In British usage they are known as round brackets (or simply brackets), square brackets, curly brackets, and angle brackets; in American usage they are respectively known as parentheses, brackets, braces, and chevrons. There are also various less common symbols considered brackets. Various forms of brackets are used in mathematics, with specific mathematical meanings, often for denoting specific mathematical functions and subformulas. History Angle brackets or chevrons ⟨ ⟩ were the earliest type of bracket to appear in writte

Cooperative Shared Memory: Software and Hardware for Scalable Multiprocessors

James Richard Larus, David Wood

We believe the paucity of massively parallel, shared-memory machines follows from the lack of a shared-memory programming performance model that can inform programmers of the cost of operations (so they can avoid expensive ones) and can tell hardware designers which cases are common (so they can build simple hardware to optimize them). Cooperative shared memory, our approach to shared-memory design, addresses this problem. Our initial implementation of cooperative shared memory uses a simple programming model, called Check-In/Check-Out (CICO), in conjunction with even simpler hardware, called Dir1SW. In CICO, programs bracket uses of shared data with a check_in directive terminating the expected use of the data. A cooperative prefetch directive helps hide communication latency. Dir1SW is a minimal directory protocol that adds little complexity to message-passing hardware, but efficiently supports programs written within the CICO model.

ACM1993

Structural analysis of the jet TAE antenna

Ambrogio Fasoli, Duccio Testa

In this paper the mechanical design of the new active MHD antennas for JET is described and the structural/mechanical analysis for the antennas is presented. These new antennas replace the existing n = 1 or 2 saddle coils with a set of eight smaller antennas designed to excite Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes (TAE's) with high toroidal mode number (n similar to 10) in the frequency range of 30 kHz similar to 500 kHz. TAE's with these higher mode numbers are expected in ITER and could enhance the loss of fast alpha particles in a burning plasma regime. By studying the properties of stable TAE's excited actively by these antennas, high performance regimes of operation avoiding unstable fast particle driven modes can be found. A more complete overview of the experiment may be found in Reference[1] Two antenna assemblies will be installed at toroidally opposite positions. Antenna wires are protected from the plasma heat flux by CFC tiles mounted on mini-limiters, located between the individual windings. The main structural element is a box section. The support scheme utilizes cantilevered brackets that connect to the saddle coils, and "wing" brackets which add support to the top of the frame. Conservative estimates of the disruption currents in the MHD antennas and frame were used to calculate loading and resulting stress in the antenna structure. Fields, field transients, and halo current specifications were provided by JET. The frame originally was designed as a continuous loop, and was converted to an open structure to break eddy current loops. Antenna eddy currents were computed assuming the antenna is shorted. In thefinaldesign, frame forces primarily result from halo currents entering around the mini limiters that now protect the antenna windings. Accelerations due to the vessel disruption dynamic response were included in the loading. The antenna mechanical design has been shown to perform adequately for all identified disruption loading.

2005

Structural analysis of the jet TAE antenna

Ambrogio Fasoli, Duccio Testa

2005