Santé communautaireLa santé communautaire est un domaine de la santé publique. Il implique une réelle participation de la communauté à l’amélioration de sa santé : réflexion sur les besoins, les priorités ; mise en place, gestion et évaluation des activités. On parle de santé communautaire lorsque les membres d’une collectivité, géographique ou sociale, réfléchissent en commun sur leurs ennuis de santé, expriment des besoins prioritaires et participent activement à la mise en place et au déroulement des activités les plus aptes à répondre particulièrement à ces priorités.
Health human resourcesHealth human resources (HHR) – also known as human resources for health (HRH) or health workforce – is defined as "all people engaged in actions whose primary intent is to enhance positive health outcomes", according to World Health Organization's World Health Report 2006. Human resources for health are identified as one of the six core building blocks of a health system.
Économie de la santéL'économie de la santé est un domaine de la science économique consacré à l'étude de la santé. L'économie de la santé s'intéresse à l'organisation du système de santé, aux déterminants de l'offre de soins et de la demande de soins. On attribue une double filiation à cette discipline : la comptabilité et la médecine, filiation illustrée en France par la création en 1955 du premier centre de recherche en économie de la santé : division d'économie médicale du CREDOC.
Déterminant social de santévignette|Les déterminants sociaux de la santé Un déterminant social de santé en santé publique, est un facteur qui influence l’état de santé d'une population soit isolément, soit en association avec d’autres facteurs et sur lequel il est possible d'agir. Les déterminants sociaux de santé sont liés au revenu, à la formation, à l'emploi, ainsi qu'aux contextes sociaux et aux politiques publiques, etc.. Ils sont ont une influence significativement plus importante que les déterminants biologiques sur la santé des populations.
Fee-for-serviceFee-for-service (FFS) is a payment model where services are unbundled and paid for separately. In health care, it gives an incentive for physicians to provide more treatments because payment is dependent on the quantity of care, rather than quality of care. However evidence of the effectiveness of FFS in improving health care quality is mixed, without conclusive proof that these programs either succeed or fail. Similarly, when patients are shielded from paying (cost-sharing) by health insurance coverage, they are incentivized to welcome any medical service that might do some good.
Unnecessary health careUnnecessary health care (overutilization, overuse, or overtreatment) is health care provided with a higher volume or cost than is appropriate. In the United States, where health care costs are the highest as a percentage of GDP, overuse was the predominant factor in its expense, accounting for about a third of its health care spending (750billionoutof2.6 trillion) in 2012. Managed Care OrganizationUne Managed Care Organisation (MCO) est un type d'organisation d'assurance maladie aux États-Unis. Il compte deux types d'organisations avec des modèles différents : les PPO () et les HMO (). Les HMO restreignent les soins de santé à l'intérieur d'un réseau spécifique (d'hôpitaux, de médecins, etc.), mais avec un PPO, plus coûteux, il est possible de consulter où on veut. Les HMO sont devenus très répandus depuis le , qui a notamment requis des entreprises employant plus de 25 salariés qu'elles offrent à ces derniers la possibilité de souscrire gratuitement à une HMO.
Public hospitalA public hospital, or government hospital, is a hospital which is government owned and is fully funded by the government and operates solely off the money that is collected from taxpayers to fund healthcare initiatives. In some countries, this type of hospital provides medical care free of charge to patients, covering expenses and wages by government reimbursement. The level of government owning the hospital may be local, municipal, state, regional, or national, and eligibility for service, not just for emergencies, may be available to non-citizen residents.
Two-tier healthcareTwo-tier healthcare is a situation in which a basic government-provided healthcare system provides basic care, and a secondary tier of care exists for those who can pay for additional, better quality or faster access. Most countries have both publicly and privately funded healthcare, but the degree to which it creates a quality differential depends on the way the two systems are managed, funded, and regulated. Some publicly funded universal healthcare systems deliver excellent service and the private system tends to be small and not highly differentiated.
Community health workerA community health extension worker (CHEW) are specially trained professional who provides promotive, preventive, curative And rehabilitative health activities and services to people where they live and work. Community health extension worker are trained in the college of health technologies.community health extension (CHEW) is different from CHW( community health work) required no formal education he is chosen by the community or organizations to provide basic health and medical care within their community, and is capable of providing preventive, promotional and rehabilitation care to that community.
