Fugitive gas emissionsFugitive gas emissions are emissions of gas (typically natural gas, which contains methane) to atmosphere or groundwater which result from oil and gas or coal mining activity. In 2016, these emissions, when converted to their equivalent impact of carbon dioxide, accounted for 5.8% of all global greenhouse gas emissions. Most fugitive emissions are the result of loss of well integrity through poorly sealed well casings due to geochemically unstable cement.
Gas ventingGas venting, more specifically known as natural-gas venting or methane venting, is the intentional and controlled release of gases containing alkane hydrocarbons - predominately methane - into earth's atmosphere. It is a widely used method for disposal of unwanted gases which are produced during the extraction of coal and crude oil. Such gases may lack value when they are not recyclable into the production process, have no export route to consumer markets, or are surplus to near-term demand.
Associated petroleum gasAssociated petroleum gas (APG), or associated gas, is a form of natural gas which is found with deposits of petroleum, either dissolved in the oil or as a free "gas cap" above the oil in the reservoir. The gas can be utilized in a number of ways after processing: sold and included in the natural-gas distribution networks, used for on-site electricity generation with engines or turbines, reinjected for secondary recovery and used in enhanced oil recovery, converted from gas to liquids producing synthetic fuels, or used as feedstock for the petrochemical industry, but much of it worldwide is flared.
Gas flareA gas flare, alternatively known as a flare stack, flare boom, ground flare, or flare pit is a gas combustion device used in places such as petroleum refineries, chemical plants and natural gas processing plants, oil or gas extraction sites having oil wells, gas wells, offshore oil and gas rigs and landfills. In industrial plants, flare stacks are primarily used for burning off flammable gas released by safety valves during unplanned over-pressuring of plant equipment.
Puits de pétroleUn puits de pétrole est un équipement chargé d'extraire le pétrole brut du sous-sol, comprenant un puits d'exploitation et du matériel de pompage ainsi que des systèmes de contrôle et/ou sécurité. Généralement il est précédé d'un ou plusieurs « puits d'exploration » qui débouche sur un « puits d'appréciation » permettant d'estimer la quantité de pétrole qui pourra être extraite pendant la durée d'exploitation. Les premiers forages pétroliers connus aujourd'hui se situaient en Chine vers l’an 347.
Récupération assistée du pétrolethumb|right|Puits d'injection utilisé pour la récupération assistée du pétrole. La récupération assistée du pétrole ou RAP (en anglais, enhanced oil recovery ou EOR) consiste en la mise en œuvre de diverses techniques pour augmenter la quantité de pétrole brut qui peut être extraite à partir d'un gisement de pétrole. La récupération assistée du pétrole est aussi appelée la récupération améliorée du pétrole ou récupération tertiaire (par opposition à la récupération primaire et secondaire).
