Five-dimensional spaceA five-dimensional space is a space with five dimensions. In mathematics, a sequence of N numbers can represent a location in an N-dimensional space. If interpreted physically, that is one more than the usual three spatial dimensions and the fourth dimension of time used in relativistic physics. Whether or not the universe is five-dimensional is a topic of debate. Much of the early work on five-dimensional space was in an attempt to develop a theory that unifies the four fundamental interactions in nature: strong and weak nuclear forces, gravity and electromagnetism.
Uniform polytopeIn geometry, a uniform polytope of dimension three or higher is a vertex-transitive polytope bounded by uniform facets. The uniform polytopes in two dimensions are the regular polygons (the definition is different in 2 dimensions to exclude vertex-transitive even-sided polygons that alternate two different lengths of edges). This is a generalization of the older category of semiregular polytopes, but also includes the regular polytopes. Further, star regular faces and vertex figures (star polygons) are allowed, which greatly expand the possible solutions.
5-cubethumb|Graphe d'un 5-cube. En cinq dimensions géométriques, un 5-cube est un nom pour un hypercube de cinq dimensions avec 32 sommets, 80 arêtes, 80 faces carrées, 40 cellules cubiques et 10 4-faces tesseracts. Il est représenté par le symbole de Schläfli {4,3,3,3}, réalisé sous la forme 3 tesseracts {4,3,3} autour de chaque arête cubique {4,3}. Il peut être appelé un penteract, ou encore un , étant un construit à partir de 10 facettes régulières. Il fait partie d'une famille infinie d'hypercubes.
Polygone de PetrieEn géométrie, un polygone de Petrie est donné par la projection orthogonale d'un polyèdre (ou même d'un polytope au sens général) sur un plan, de sorte à former un polygone régulier, avec tout le reste de la projection à l’intérieur. Ces polygones et graphes projetés sont utiles pour visualiser la structure et les symétries de polytopes aux nombreuses dimensions. Chaque paire de côtés consécutifs appartient à une même face du polyèdre, mais pas trois.
Regular 4-polytopeIn mathematics, a regular 4-polytope is a regular four-dimensional polytope. They are the four-dimensional analogues of the regular polyhedra in three dimensions and the regular polygons in two dimensions. There are six convex and ten star regular 4-polytopes, giving a total of sixteen. The convex regular 4-polytopes were first described by the Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli in the mid-19th century. He discovered that there are precisely six such figures.
Uniform 5-polytopeIn geometry, a uniform 5-polytope is a five-dimensional uniform polytope. By definition, a uniform 5-polytope is vertex-transitive and constructed from uniform 4-polytope facets. The complete set of convex uniform 5-polytopes has not been determined, but many can be made as Wythoff constructions from a small set of symmetry groups. These construction operations are represented by the permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams.
Hyperoctaèdrethumb|Diagramme de Schlegel de l'hexadécachore, hyperoctaèdre en dimension 4. Un hyperoctaèdre est, en géométrie, un polytope régulier convexe, généralisation de l'octaèdre en dimension quelconque. Un hyperoctaèdre de dimension n est également parfois nommé polytope croisé, n-orthoplexe ou cocube. Un hyperoctaèdre est l'enveloppe convexe des points formés par toutes les permutations des coordonnées (±1, 0, 0, ..., 0). En dimension 1, l'hyperoctaèdre est simplement le segment de droite [-1, +1] ; en dimension 2, il s'agit d'un carré de sommets {(1, 0), (-1, 0), (0, 1), (0, -1)}.
Semiregular polytopeIn geometry, by Thorold Gosset's definition a semiregular polytope is usually taken to be a polytope that is vertex-transitive and has all its facets being regular polytopes. E.L. Elte compiled a longer list in 1912 as The Semiregular Polytopes of the Hyperspaces which included a wider definition. In three-dimensional space and below, the terms semiregular polytope and uniform polytope have identical meanings, because all uniform polygons must be regular.
Coxeter elementIn mathematics, the Coxeter number h is the order of a Coxeter element of an irreducible Coxeter group. It is named after H.S.M. Coxeter. Note that this article assumes a finite Coxeter group. For infinite Coxeter groups, there are multiple conjugacy classes of Coxeter elements, and they have infinite order. There are many different ways to define the Coxeter number h of an irreducible root system. A Coxeter element is a product of all simple reflections.
