Equal-area projectionIn cartography, an equivalent, authalic, or equal-area projection is a map projection that preserves relative area measure between any and all map regions. Equivalent projections are widely used for thematic maps showing scenario distribution such as population, farmland distribution, forested areas, and so forth, because an equal-area map does not change apparent density of the phenomenon being mapped. By Gauss's Theorema Egregium, an equal-area projection cannot be conformal.
Cartographic designCartographic design or map design is the process of crafting the appearance of a map, applying the principles of design and knowledge of how maps are used to create a map that has both aesthetic appeal and practical function. It shares this dual goal with almost all forms of design; it also shares with other design, especially graphic design, the three skill sets of artistic talent, scientific reasoning, and technology. As a discipline, it integrates design, geography, and geographic information science.
Globe terrestreUn globe terrestre est une sphère sur laquelle est dessinée la surface de la Terre. Du fait de sa « ressemblance » avec la forme sphérique de la Terre, c'est la représentation la plus exacte de la planète (surtout si on lui a donné un relief sans exagération des altitudes). C'est une représentation à petite échelle. Le globe terrestre se modélise géométriquement par un ellipsoïde de révolution de rayon équatorial a et de rayon polaire b. a est le rayon équatorial (ou demi-grand axe de l'ellipsoïde de référence) valant : a = 6 378,137 000 km (cf modèles WGS84 et GRS 80).
