Land-use planningLand use planning is the process of regulating the use of land by a central authority. Usually, this is done to promote more desirable social and environmental outcomes as well as a more efficient use of resources. More specifically, the goals of modern land use planning often include environmental conservation, restraint of urban sprawl, minimization of transport costs, prevention of land use conflicts, and a reduction in exposure to pollutants.
Garden designGarden design is the art and process of designing and creating plans for layout and planting of gardens and landscapes. Garden design may be done by the garden owner themselves, or by professionals of varying levels of experience and expertise. Most professional garden designers have some training in horticulture and the principles of design. Some are also landscape architects, a more formal level of training that usually requires an advanced degree and often a state license.
Jardinvignette|Un jardin japonais. vignette|Une femme de 87 ans en train de cultiver son jardin. Comté de Harju, Estonie, juin 2016. Un 'jardin' est un lieu durablement et hypothétiquement aménagé où l'on cultive de façon ordonnée des plantes domestiquées ou sélectionnées. Il est le produit de la technique du jardinage et, comme elle, il remonte au moins à l'Antiquité. Les différentes cultures humaines dans le monde, au fil des époques, ont inventé de nombreux types et styles de jardins.
Urban designUrban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas.
UrbanisteL'urbaniste est un « technicien spécialisé dans l'ordonnancement des espaces urbains ». Son rayon d'action concerne principalement les agglomérations et la planification territoriale. Le terme d'urbaniste peut parfois englober ou être confondu avec la profession d'aménageur qui comprend un rayon d'action dépassant les espaces urbains mais emploie, en fonction du contexte, les mêmes compétences.
Principles of intelligent urbanismPrinciples of intelligent urbanism (PIU) is a theory of urban planning composed of a set of ten axioms intended to guide the formulation of city plans and urban designs. They are intended to reconcile and integrate diverse urban planning and management concerns. These axioms include environmental sustainability, heritage conservation, appropriate technology, infrastructure-efficiency, placemaking, social access, transit-oriented development, regional integration, human scale, and institutional integrity.
Parcvignette|Le Queen Elizabeth Park à Vancouver. vignette|Le Valkeisenpuisto à Kuopio, Finlande. vignette|Central Park, à New York, le parc urbain le plus visité des États-Unis. vignette|Parc Jean-Jacques-Rousseau à Ermenonville. Un parc est une zone délimitée d'un territoire, maintenu dans son état naturel (dans un but de conservation de la nature) ou semi-naturel et paysagé (dans un but de loisirs). La signification la plus ancienne () du mot parc se réfère au caractère enclos du lieu (par exemple pour le parcage des animaux).
PaysagisteUn paysagiste est un professionnel en capacité d'analyser, diagnostiquer l'environnement et conçoit des projets en vue d'amélioré la qualité de cet environnement. Cette discipline aborde différente échelles : jardin, parc, quartier, communes, département, région et grand territoire. Le paysagisme est une profession très pluridisciplinaire puisant les connaissance fondamentale en écologie, géographie, en art, en politique, reliant les acteurs d'un territoire entre eux.
Landscape planningLandscape planning is a branch of landscape architecture. According to Erv Zube (1931–2002) landscape planning is defined as an activity concerned with developing landscaping amongst competing land uses while protecting natural processes and significant cultural and natural resources. Park systems and greenways of the type designed by Frederick Law Olmsted are key examples of landscape planning. Landscape designers tend to work for clients who wish to commission construction work.
Sustainable urbanismSustainable urbanism is both the study of cities and the practices to build them (urbanism), that focuses on promoting their long term viability by reducing consumption, waste and harmful impacts on people and place while enhancing the overall well-being of both people and place. Well-being includes the physical, ecological, economic, social, health and equity factors, among others, that comprise cities and their populations.
