Chimpanzé | EPFL Graph Search

Le Chimpanzé (Pan) est un genre de Simiformes (singes) appartenant à la famille des Hominidés (grands singes). Ce genre comprend deux espèces : le Chimpanzé commun (Pan troglodytes) et le Chimpanzé nain, plus connu sous le nom de Bonobo (Pan paniscus). Ces hominidés d'Afrique équatoriale et débordant sur l'Afrique tropicale sont les animaux les plus proches génétiquement d'Homo sapiens avec au moins 98,4 % de leur ADN en commun. La répartition géographique du Chimpanzé commun s'étend du sud du Sénégal jusqu'en Tanzanie. Identifié tardivement comme espèce à part entière, le Bonobo ne se trouve que dans le bassin oriental du fleuve Congo, en République démocratique du Congo. Les deux espèces présentent des traits physiques, affectifs et mentaux et des comportements relationnels et sociaux particulièrement remarquables pour l'être humain dans leur similitude ou parfois dans leur différence avec les siens. Pour cette raison, elles sont des sujets privilégiés d'étude scientifique, sur f

First quantitative survey delineates the distribution of chimpanzees in the Eastern Central African Republic

Stéphane Joost, Estelle Rochat

Vast, pristine ecosystems and their biodiversity are vanishing globally at frightening speed, but many large tracts of wilderness have not yet been systematically inventoried and important natural populations of threatened species remain poorly characterized. The forest-savanna ecotone of the Eastern Central African Republic (CAR) is one such poorly studied area. Using camera traps, transect walks and collected fecal samples, we provide the first quantitative survey of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in this region previously classified as a highly important chimpanzee conservation unit. In contrast to species distribution models and expert predictions, we did not find any evidence of chimpanzees in the large and remote forest blocks west of the Chinko River despite considerable search effort. Our study thus highlights the limitations of relying solely on remote sensing data to predict the presence or absence of endangered species and illustrates the necessity of extensive field surveys to accurately assess occurrence and density in remote areas. However, we did discover a sizeable and reproducing population of chimpanzees east of the Chinko River. Based on a density of 0.81 chimpanzees/km2 in closed canopy forest that we inferred from nest count data, we estimate 910 weaned chimpanzees to inhabit the Chinko Nature Reserve (CNR) and further predict additional 2700 individuals in adjacent, unmanaged hunting zones and reserves. According to microsatellite data, these chimpanzees genetically cluster with P. t. schweinfurthii populations in East Africa. Conservation action and appropriate management plans are urgently needed to protect this important population and to prevent heavily-armed nomadic pastoralists from the Sahel, illegal miners, as well as elephant and meat poachers, from irretrievably destroying the natural vegetation and local biodiversity of the area.

Elsevier2017

First quantitative survey delineates the distribution of chimpanzees in the Eastern Central African Republic

Stéphane Joost, Estelle Rochat

Elsevier2017