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Concept
William Bosworth Castle
Résumé
William Bosworth Castle (October 21, 1897 – August 9, 1990) was an American physician and physiologist who transformed hematology from a "descriptive art to a dynamic interdisciplinary science."
Castle was born to William E. Castle and his wife in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His father was a professor of zoology at Harvard, a pioneer in mammalian genetics, and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. The young Castle was educated in local schools and entered Harvard College in 1914. At the end of his third year of college, he enrolled in Harvard Medical School. Upon graduating from medical school, he did a medical internship at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1921-1923.
At the Mass General, he had his first direct exposure to some of the great clinicians of the time, including Chester M. Jones, with whom he collaborated on his first medical publication, and George R. Minot, who later became Castle's mentor and unflagging supporter. (Minot later shared the Nobel Prize.)
In 1923 Castle accepted a position in the laboratory of Cecil Drinker at the Harvard School of Public Health.
In 1925 Castle went back into a clinical setting at the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory on the Harvard service at the Boston City Hospital. He remained on the faculty of Harvard Medical School for his entire career.
He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1931. In 1939, Castle was elected to both the United States National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. The two Castles became the first father-and-son members in the history of that prestigious body.
William B. Castle married Louise Muller in 1933. They had a daughter Anne and a son William.
William B. Castle discovered gastric intrinsic factor, the absence of which causes pernicious anemia. Intrinsic factor was necessary to facilitate the absorption of an 'extrinsic factor' from the diet. Whipple, Minot and Murphy were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine, in 1934, for the discovery of the "anti-pernicious anæmia factor" from their experiments with liver in the diet.
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