Generations of Chinese leadershipGenerations of Chinese leadership is a term historians use to characterize distinct periods of the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and, by extension, successive changes in the ideology of the CCP. Historians have studied various periods in the development of the government of the People's Republic of China by reference to these "generations". While in English the chronological leadership groups are commonly referred to as "generations of Chinese leadership", there is no exact equivalent expression in Chinese.
The China QuarterlyThe China Quarterly (CQ) is a British double-blind peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1960 on contemporary China including Taiwan. It is considered the most important research journal about China in the world and is published by the Cambridge University Press. It covers anthropology, business, literature, the arts, economics, geography, history, international affairs, law, politics, and sociology. Each issue contains articles and research reports, and a book review section.
Iron rice bowl"Iron rice bowl" () is a Chinese term for an occupation with guaranteed job security. The Chinese term can be compared to the similar (but not identical) English concept of a "job for life". Traditionally, people considered to have such positions include military personnel, members of the civil service, as well as employees of various state-owned enterprises (through the mechanism of the work unit). The origin of the term "iron rice bowl" came from Jǐ Yún's journal, Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations ()(The Shadow Book of Ji Yun, Empress Wu Books, 2021): A beautiful maid works in a squire's home.
Hujivignette Le hùjí (chinois simplifié : 户籍 ; chinois traditionnel : 戶籍) ou hùkǒu (户口/戶口), coréen Hoju (Hangul: 호주, Hanja: 戶主), Hojuje (호주제, 戶主制) ou bon-gwan (본관, 本貫), japonais motokan (Kanji : 本貫, hiragana : もとかん) ou koseki (戸籍, こせき) est à la fois un livret de famille et un passeport intérieur utilisé dans les pays d'Extrême-Orient. Ce système d'état civil et d'enregistrement des familles est utilisé en Chine.
LhassaLhassa ( ; translittération phonétique en ), ou Rasa dans la période pré-bouddhique, est une ville-préfecture, capitale du Tibet, région autonome de la république populaire de Chine depuis 1965. Capitale du royaume du Tibet à partir du , puis de l'Ü-Tsang à partir de l'ère de la fragmentation, Lhassa fut le siège du gouvernement du Ganden Phodrang sous le règne à la fois religieux du dalaï-lama et temporel du Mongol Güshi Khan sous le Khanat qoshot, puis sous la tutelle de la dynastie Qing et enfin sous le Tibet indépendant de facto du dalaï-lama au .
