Régression non linéaireUne régression non linéaire consiste à ajuster un modèle, en général non linéaire, y = ƒa1, ..., am(x) pour un ensemble de valeurs (xi, yi)1 ≤ i ≤ n. Les variables xi et yi peuvent être des scalaires ou des vecteurs. Par « ajuster », il faut comprendre : déterminer les paramètres de la loi, (a1, ..., am), afin de minimiser S = ||ri||, avec : ri = yi - ƒa1, ..., am(xi). ||...|| est une norme. On utilise en général la norme euclidienne, ou norme l2 ; on parle alors de méthode des moindres carrés.
ProbitIn probability theory and statistics, the probit function is the quantile function associated with the standard normal distribution. It has applications in data analysis and machine learning, in particular exploratory statistical graphics and specialized regression modeling of binary response variables. Mathematically, the probit is the inverse of the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution, which is denoted as , so the probit is defined as Largely because of the central limit theorem, the standard normal distribution plays a fundamental role in probability theory and statistics.
Least absolute deviationsLeast absolute deviations (LAD), also known as least absolute errors (LAE), least absolute residuals (LAR), or least absolute values (LAV), is a statistical optimality criterion and a statistical optimization technique based on minimizing the sum of absolute deviations (also sum of absolute residuals or sum of absolute errors) or the L1 norm of such values. It is analogous to the least squares technique, except that it is based on absolute values instead of squared values.
Ordered probitIn statistics, ordered probit is a generalization of the widely used probit analysis to the case of more than two outcomes of an ordinal dependent variable (a dependent variable for which the potential values have a natural ordering, as in poor, fair, good, excellent). Similarly, the widely used logit method also has a counterpart ordered logit. Ordered probit, like ordered logit, is a particular method of ordinal regression. For example, in clinical research, the effect a drug may have on a patient may be modeled with ordered probit regression.
Régression polynomialePolyreg scheffe.svg thumb|Régression sur un nuage de points par un polynôme de degré croissant. La régression polynomiale est une analyse statistique qui décrit la variation d'une variable aléatoire expliquée à partir d'une fonction polynomiale d'une variable aléatoire explicative. C'est un cas particulier de régression linéaire multiple, où les observations sont construites à partir des puissances d'une seule variable.
MulticollinearityIn statistics, multicollinearity (also collinearity) is a phenomenon in which one predictor variable in a multiple regression model can be linearly predicted from the others with a substantial degree of accuracy. In this situation, the coefficient estimates of the multiple regression may change erratically in response to small changes in the model or the data. Multicollinearity does not reduce the predictive power or reliability of the model as a whole, at least within the sample data set; it only affects calculations regarding individual predictors.
Omitted-variable biasIn statistics, omitted-variable bias (OVB) occurs when a statistical model leaves out one or more relevant variables. The bias results in the model attributing the effect of the missing variables to those that were included. More specifically, OVB is the bias that appears in the estimates of parameters in a regression analysis, when the assumed specification is incorrect in that it omits an independent variable that is a determinant of the dependent variable and correlated with one or more of the included independent variables.
Mean squared prediction errorIn statistics the mean squared prediction error (MSPE), also known as mean squared error of the predictions, of a smoothing, curve fitting, or regression procedure is the expected value of the squared prediction errors (PE), the square difference between the fitted values implied by the predictive function and the values of the (unobservable) true value g. It is an inverse measure of the explanatory power of and can be used in the process of cross-validation of an estimated model.
Regression validationIn statistics, regression validation is the process of deciding whether the numerical results quantifying hypothesized relationships between variables, obtained from regression analysis, are acceptable as descriptions of the data. The validation process can involve analyzing the goodness of fit of the regression, analyzing whether the regression residuals are random, and checking whether the model's predictive performance deteriorates substantially when applied to data that were not used in model estimation.
Régression de PoissonEn statistique, la régression de Poisson est un modèle linéaire généralisé utilisé pour les données de comptage et les tableaux de contingence. Cette régression suppose que la variable réponse Y suit une loi de Poisson et que le logarithme de son espérance peut être modélisé par une combinaison linéaire de paramètre inconnus. Soit un vecteur de variables indépendantes, et la variable que l'on cherche à prédire. Réaliser une régression de Poisson revient à supposer que suit une loi de Poisson de paramètre , avec et les paramètres de la régression à estimer, et le produit scalaire standard de .
