Psychrométrie

La psychrométrie est le domaine scientifique concernant la détermination des caractéristiques physiques et thermodynamiques d'un mélange gaz-vapeur correspondant à deux espèces différentes. Dans ce couple gaz-vapeur, le gaz est considéré comme incondensable dans les conditions du domaine d'application. L'hygrométrie est le cas particulier du mélange air-vapeur d'eau. Étymologie « Psychro » vient du grec ψυχρός, un adjectif qui signifie « être froid », sensation liée à l'enthalpie de vaporisation : l'évaporation consomme de l'énergie de vaporisation et provoque donc une sensation de froid. Le suffixe « -métrie » (ou « -mètre » pour le psychromètre) caractérise le fait de mesurer. Applications usuelles Les principes de la psychrométrie peuvent s'appliquer à n'importe quel système mettant en jeu des mélanges gaz-vapeur. Les plus courants étant la ventilation, la climatisation et la météorologie. Le rapport psychrométrique Le rapport psychrométrique

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Toward Assessing the Sensitivity of Buildings to Changes in Climate

Sönke Frederik Horn

A building is designed for one set of typical climatic conditions. In the context of expected climate change, substantial numbers of existing and new buildings are expected to survive long enough to experience perceptible shifts in climate ‘normals’ (averages). This is problematic for predicting building performance, largely because the exact nature of climate change is hard to predict with certainty. Thus an optimal design is not only tuned to the original design conditions, but is also robust to changes in climatic conditions in the sense of a low sensitivity of its performance. To predict a building’s response to changes in typical weather, two inputs are required: weather data representing this change, and suitable metrics to compare building performance across different climate normals. This report presents initial work on a proposed method for assessing the sensitivity of new or existing buildings to climate change. This method begins with a selection of weather files to represent climate change, then quantifies a building’s passive performance in those climates using an enthalpy-based metric, and ends with a graphical analysis of the performance of the building in different climates to assess its robustness. In this report, we propose an objective performance metric based on the extent to which a building creates indoor conditions passively, i.e. without auxiliary systems. Initial work suggests that the performance assessment carried out here is reproducible and applicable for indoor environment design and evaluation in different ranges of climate change. This approach enables a comparison of building performance without the bias introduced by inherent differences in climatic conditions.

2013

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Robotic Insertion of Timber Joints using Visual Detection of Fiducial Markers

Pierre Latteur, Nicolas Henry P Rogeau, Victor Tiberghien, Yves Weinand

Timber building industry is facing a major transformation with digitalization and automation being more broadly adopted. Prefabricated timber frame structures can be mass-produced on large robotic assembly lines, increasing the productivity and competitiveness of wood over standard inorganic materials such as steel or concrete. While standardization is likely to limit creativity, new digital tools, on the contrary, give the possibility to design and build complex and unique geometries. Recent research in bespoke digital prefabrication notably led to the development of Integrally Attached Timber Plate Structures (IATPS). This system consists in assembling wooden panels connected only with timber joints inspired by traditional Japanese carpentry. The elements are digitally prefabricated and inserted into one-another to form bespoke architectural structures. In order to propose a fully automated process for IATPS, from design to construction, this paper investigates a method for assembling the panels with a 6-axis robotic arm. Preliminary studies have shown that significant discrepancies can occur between virtual models and physical prototypes due to joint tolerances, hygrometric variations, and self-weight deformations. To address this challenge and to adapt the robot position to the actual location of the elements, a visual feedback loop was developed using fiducial markers. Several tests were performed with structural wood panels to assess the accuracy of the method for different configurations and adapt the geometry of the joints in consequence. Finally, the insertion of a panel with two through-tenon joints was achieved by taking pictures of the target with a camera mounted on the end-effector of the robot.

2020

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AR-442: Comfort and architecture: sustainable strategies

This class offers an overview about comfort evaluations in architectural design and suggests passive and low-energy strategies suited to ensure the highest possible indoor environment quality for buildings.

PHYS-118: Building physics

Ce cours traite des principaux phénomènes physiques observables dans le bâtiment et doit permettre à l'étudiant d'acquérir des connaissances de base dans le domaine de la physique du bâtiment.

ME-446: Two-phase flows and heat transfer

This course covers the theoretical and practical analysis of two-phase flow and applications. Fundamental two-phase heat transfer in the form of condensation and boiling are studied in detail. Advanced topics such as microchannel two-phase flow, microfinned tubes and oil effects are also handled.

Hygrométrie

vignette|Diagramme de l'air humide à 1013,25 hPa. L’hygrométrie est la science qui a pour objet la mesure de la quantité de vapeur d'eau contenue de l'air humide ; elle ne prend pas en compte l'eau pr

Point de rosée

vignette|Diagramme binaire liquide-vapeur : courbe de bulle et courbe de rosée. Le point de rosée ou température de rosée est la température sous laquelle de la rosée se dépose naturellement. Plus tec

Chauffage, ventilation et climatisation

thumb|Un système de refroidissement. Le chauffage, ventilation et climatisation (en abrégé CVC), équivalent en France de l'anglais (en abrégé HVAC, diffusé mondialement) est un ensemble de domaines t