SeakeepingSeakeeping ability or seaworthiness is a measure of how well-suited a watercraft is to conditions when underway. A ship or boat which has good seakeeping ability is said to be very seaworthy and is able to operate effectively even in high sea states. In 1976, St. Denis suggested four principal terms needed to describe a seakeeping performance. These are: Mission: what the ship is intended to accomplish. The role of the ship while at sea. Environment: the conditions under which the ship is operating.
NavigabilityA body of water, such as a river, canal or lake, is navigable if it is deep, wide and calm enough for a water vessel (e.g. boats) to pass safely. Such a navigable water is called a waterway, and is preferably with few obstructions against direct traverse that needed avoiding, such as rocks, reefs or trees. Bridges built over waterways must have sufficient clearance. High flow speed may make a channel unnavigable due to risk of ship collisions. Waters may be unnavigable because of ice, particularly in winter or high-latitude regions.
Caboteuralt=|vignette|Les galiotes (à droite) était des voiliers de cabotage utilisé en Europe à partir du . vignette|Caboteur moderne à quai dans le bassin Duguay-Trouin (S Malo). vignette|295x295px|Balanguay philippin. Un caboteur désigne à la fois un navire ou un marin effectuant une navigation de cabotage sur une courte distance, le long des côtes (pour l'acheminement de marchandises ou de passagers). Ce terme s'oppose à un navire effectuant une navigation au long cours sur de longues distances loin des côtes et traversée intercontinentales.
Naval shipA naval ship (or naval vessel) is a military ship (or sometimes boat, depending on classification) used by a navy. Naval ships are differentiated from civilian ships by construction and purpose. Generally, naval ships are damage resilient and armed with weapon systems, though armament on troop transports is light or non-existent. Naval ships designed primarily for naval warfare are termed warships, as opposed to support (auxiliary ships) or shipyard operations.
Fourth engineerA fourth engineer or third assistant engineer is the most Junior engine officer in the engine department of a merchant vessel. A third assistant engineer’s license is by a Maritime Administration in accordance with the International Convention on the Standards and Training of Watchkeepers that allows the recipient to work on board any vessel up to the rank of a fourth engineer or below. Third assistant engineers do most of the general labor among the officers, as well as leading the oilers and other engine room crew.
Mâtvignette|Mât sur l'Hermione (2014) Le mât est une pièce généralement verticale, du gréement dormant d'un bateau à voile (espar), servant à soutenir les pièces nécessaires à la propulsion par le vent : voiles, vergues, bôme, étai vignette|Les mâts des navires modernes sont en acier, en aluminium ou fibre de carbone. Le matériau utilisé peut être en bois, en métal (acier, aluminium) ou matériau composite, et sa structure peut être constituée d'un seul élément ou de plusieurs éléments assemblés.
Trampingvignette|Le tramp steamer Kentbrook au large du port de Woolwich Le tramping (de l'anglais tramp : vagabond) anglicisme couramment utilisé, désigne le transport maritime à la demande, par un navire de commerce non affecté à une ligne régulière. C'est une forme de colportage de port en port. Les navires utilisés pour le tramping sont appelés tramp steamer. Au , avec la croissance du commerce maritime et la complexité des opérations de transport, le marché se divisa en 3 segments : les passenger liners, les cargo liners et le tramping.
Second mateA second mate (2nd mate) or second officer (2/O) is a licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship holding a Second Mates Certificate of Competency, which is issued by the administration. The second mate is the third in command (or on some ocean liners fourth) and a watchkeeping officer, customarily the ship's navigator. Other duties vary, but the second mate is often the medical officer and in charge of maintaining distress signaling equipment. On oil tankers, the second mate usually assists the chief mate with the cargo operations.
Third mateA third mate (3/M) or third officer is a licensed member of the deck department of a merchant ship. The third mate is a watchstander and customarily the ship's safety officer and fourth-in-command (fifth on some ocean liners). The position is junior to a second mate. Other duties vary depending on the type of ship, its crewing, and other factors. Duties related to the role of safety officer focus on responsibility for items such as firefighting equipment, lifeboats, and various other emergency systems.
