Hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate

L'hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate aussi appelée hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate (HBP) ou hyperplasie adénomyomateuse de la prostate ou plus communément adénome prostatique est une tumeur bénigne qui se développe aux dépens de la partie crâniale de la prostate. Elle touche les sujets âgés de plus de 50 ans. En cas d'hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate, la prostate devient plus grande et exerce plus de pression sur l'urètre et la vessie, interférant ainsi avec l'écoulement normal de l'urine. Épidémiologie L'HBP est une des maladies les plus communes chez les hommes du fait des modifications physiologiques liées à l'âge L'incidence augmente linéairement avec l'âge pour atteindre son maximum à 79 ans et la prévalence est la plus basse à 45-49 ans (2,7 %) pour augmenter jusqu'à l'âge maximum de 80 ans où elle atteint 24 %. Cependant la littérature scientifique montre une grande variabilité de cette prévalence allant de 13 % à 46 %. En 2009, dans le

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CO Methanation for Synthetic Natural Gas Production

Tilman J. Schildhauer

Energy from woody biomass could supplement renewable energy production towards the replacement of fossil fuels. A multi-stage process involving gasification of wood and then catalytic transformation of the producer gas to synthetic natural gas (SNG) represents progress in this direction. SNG can be transported and distributed through the existing pipeline grid, which is advantageous from an economical point of view. Therefore, CO methanation is attracting a great deal of attention and much research effort is focusing on the understanding of the process steps and its further development. This short review summarizes recent efforts at Paul Scherrer Institute on the understanding of the reaction mechanism, the catalyst deactivation, and the development of catalytic materials with benign properties for CO nnethanation.

Swiss Chemical Soc2015

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Using Dynamic Features for Automatic Cervical Precancer Detection

Mohammad Saeed Rad, Jean-Philippe Thiran

Cervical cancer remains a major public health concern in developing countries due to financial and human resource constraints. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) of the cervix was widely promoted and routinely used as a low-cost primary screening test in low- and middle-income countries. It can be performed by a variety of health workers and the result is immediate. VIA provides a transient whitening effect which appears and disappears differently in precancerous and cancerous lesions, as compared to benign conditions. Colposcopes are often used during VIA to magnify the view of the cervix and allow clinicians to visually assess it. However, this assessment is generally subjective and unreliable even for experienced clinicians. Computer-aided techniques may improve the accuracy of VIA diagnosis and be an important determinant in the promotion of cervical cancer screening. This work proposes a smartphone-based solution that automatically detects cervical precancer from the dynamic features extracted from videos taken during VIA. The proposed solution achieves a sensitivity and specificity of 0.9 and 0.87 respectively, and could be a solution for screening in countries that suffer from the lack of expensive tools such as colposcopes and well-trained clinicians.

2021

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Polylactide Nanoparticles Containing Stably Incorporated Cyanine Dyes for in vitro and in vivo Imaging Applications

Li Tang

Stably incorporating fluorescent molecules to polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) or micelles can facilitate the prolonged tracking of these drug-delivery vehicles in vitro and in vivo. However, incorporation of fluorescent molecules, usually charged and thereby water-soluble, through the encapsulation strategy to hydrophobic polymer matrices is challenging. The encapsulated fluorescent agents are also subject to rapid release when the polymeric NPs are exposed to biological media. To address this issue, we developed Cy5-conjugated polylactide (Cy5-PLA) NPs through Cy5/(BDI)ZnN(TMS)2 [(BDI) = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imino)-2-pentene]-mediated ring-opening polymerization of lactide (LA) followed by nanoprecipitation. This process allows for covalent conjugation of Cy5 to PLA with quantitative incorporation efficiency and formulation of Cy5-PLA NPs with controlled particles size (approximately 100 nm). As much as 80% of Cy5 was still present in the Cy5-PLA NPs after theses NPs were incubated in PBS at 37 degrees C for 12 days. Cy5-PLA NPs were conjugated to the A10 RNA aptamer that binds to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The resulting Cy5-PLA/aptamer NPs were found to only bind to and get internalized by LNCaP and canine prostate adenocarcinoma cells (PSMA-positive), but not to PC3 cells (PSMA-negative). The Cy5-PLA NPs were administered to balb/c mice intravenously and found to have excellent signals with low-background fluorescence in various organs.

Wiley-Blackwell2010

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Cancer de la prostate

vignette|Prostate et vésicules séminales (normales) Le cancer de la prostate est un cancer fréquent touchant la prostate, une glande de l'appareil reproducteur de l'homme. Le cancer se développe à pa

Prostate

vignette|Représentation de la prostate de : déférent, du conduit déférent, séminale, excréteur de la vésicule séminale, de prostate, éjaculateur, prostatique, glandulaire, de l'urètre, sém

Vessie

La vessie est l'organe du système urinaire dont la fonction est de recevoir l'urine terminale produite par les reins puis de la conserver avant son évacuation au cours de la miction. L'urine arrive d

BIO-392: Oncology

This course provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of cancer, illustrating the mechanisms that cancer cells use to grow and disseminate at the expense of normal tissues and organs.

BIO-478: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics

This course introduces the student to the fudamentals of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and drug-receptor interactions. It discusses also pharmacogenetics and chronopharmacology, to exemplify the challenges of personalized medicine.