Théorie de l'identité socialeDéveloppée par Henri Tajfel dans les années 1970, la théorie de l'identité sociale met en évidence les processus psychologiques impliqués dans le changement social. Tajfel intègre dans sa théorie trois processus fondamentaux : la catégorisation sociale ; l'auto-évaluation à travers l'identité sociale ; la comparaison sociale inter-groupe. Ceux-ci permettent d'expliquer différentes formes de comportements groupaux, notamment les conflits intergroupes.
Minimal group paradigmThe minimal group paradigm is a method employed in social psychology. Although it may be used for a variety of purposes, it is best known as a method for investigating the minimal conditions required for discrimination to occur between groups. Experiments using this approach have revealed that even arbitrary distinctions between groups, such as preferences for certain paintings, or the color of their shirts, can trigger a tendency to favor one's own group at the expense of others, even when it means sacrificing in-group gain.
Intergroup relationsIntergroup relations refers to interactions between individuals in different social groups, and to interactions taking place between the groups themselves collectively. It has long been a subject of research in social psychology, political psychology, and organizational behavior. In 1966, Muzafer Sherif proposed a now-widely recognized definition of intergroup relations: Whenever individuals belonging to one group interact, collectively or individually, with another group or its members in terms of their group identification, we have an instance of intergroup behavior.
In-group favoritismIn-group favoritism, sometimes known as in-group–out-group bias, in-group bias, intergroup bias, or in-group preference, is a pattern of favoring members of one's in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group conflict and prejudice. The phenomenon is primarily viewed from a social psychology standpoint.
Groupes interne et externe (sociologie)vignette|306x306px| Les personnes dans ce stade forment un groupe interne de fans de football, leur groupe externe étant composé de ceux qui ne sont pas fans de ce sport. Cependant, les supporteurs d'une équipe forment également leur propre groupe interne où les supporteurs de l'équipe adverse forment le groupe externe. En sociologie et en psychologie sociale, un groupe interne (ou in-group en anglais, ou endogroupe) est un groupe social auquel une personne s'identifie psychologiquement comme étant membre.
