Interchangeable parts are parts (components) that are identical for practical purposes. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting, such as . This interchangeability allows easy assembly of new devices, and easier repair of existing devices, while minimizing both the time and skill required of the person doing the assembly or repair.
The concept of interchangeability was crucial to the introduction of the assembly line at the beginning of the 20th century, and has become an important element of some modern manufacturing but is missing from other important industries.
Interchangeability of parts was achieved by combining a number of innovations and improvements in machining operations and the invention of several machine tools, such as the slide rest lathe, screw-cutting lathe, turret lathe, milling machine and metal planer. Additional innovations included jigs for guiding the machine tools, fixtures for holding the workpiece in the proper position, and blocks and gauges to check the accuracy of the finished parts. Electrification allowed individual machine tools to be powered by electric motors, eliminating line shaft drives from steam engines or water power and allowing higher speeds, making modern large-scale manufacturing possible. Modern machine tools often have numerical control (NC) which evolved into CNC (computerized numeric control) when microprocessors became available.
Methods for industrial production of interchangeable parts in the United States were first developed in the nineteenth century. The term American system of manufacturing was sometimes applied to them at the time, in distinction from earlier methods. Within a few decades such methods were in use in various countries, so American system is now a term of historical reference rather than current industrial nomenclature.
Evidence of the use of interchangeable parts can be traced back over two thousand years to Carthage in the First Punic War.
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Une lime est un outil servant à usiner la matière. Une lime travaille par arrachement de petits morceaux du matériau, le travail s'effectue généralement en de multiples passages de la lime sur la pièce à usiner. Il en existe de multiples formes (plate, ronde, carrée, en feuille de sauge, en pilier) permettant de s'adapter à la forme à obtenir, avec des dessins de la râpe, plus ou moins grossier et, de formes différentes en fonction du matériau à travailler. Les limes sont couramment fabriquées en acier, les rainures sont martelées ou embouties.
Interchangeable parts are parts (components) that are identical for practical purposes. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type. One such part can freely replace another, without any custom fitting, such as . This interchangeability allows easy assembly of new devices, and easier repair of existing devices, while minimizing both the time and skill required of the person doing the assembly or repair.
The American system of manufacturing was a set of manufacturing methods that evolved in the 19th century. The two notable features were the extensive use of interchangeable parts and mechanization for production, which resulted in more efficient use of labor compared to hand methods. The system was also known as armory practice because it was first fully developed in armories, namely, the United States Armories at Springfield in Massachusetts and Harpers Ferry in Virginia (later West Virginia), inside contractors to supply the United States Armed Forces, and various private armories.
Le cours ME-101 vise à l'acquisition des règles et du langage normalisé de la communication technique en génie mécanique et microtechnique, et des bases de la conception mécanique.
Ce cours intègre de
Le cours ME-106 vise à l'acquisition des règles et du langage normalisé de la communication technique en génie mécanique et microtechnique, et des bases de la conception mécanique.
Ce cours intègre de
This course gives an introduction to production methods and manufacturing technologies used in microengineering. The focus is given on the understanding of physical phenomena underlying the processes,
S'inscrit dans les principes fondamentaux de dimensionnement et de coupe dans la construction mécanique, en mettant l'accent sur la qualité et la rentabilité.