Doctor of PhilosophyA Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor philosophiae) is the most common degree at the highest academic level, awarded following a course of study and research. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a dissertation, and defend their work before a panel of other experts in the field.
Doctor of EngineeringThe Doctor of Engineering (or engineering doctorate) (abbreviated DEng or EngD) is a professional degree awarded in engineering and applied science. An EngD is a terminal degree similar to a PhD in engineering but applicable more in industry rather than in academia. The degree is usually aimed toward working professionals. The DEng/EngD along with the PhD represents the highest academic qualification in engineering, and the successful completion of either in engineering is generally required to gain employment as a full-time, tenure-track university professor or postdoctoral researcher in the field.
Master of Business AdministrationLe Master of Business Administration (MBA) est un diplôme d'études supérieures dans le domaine du marketing, finances, ressources humaines et management. Un diplôme en France porte le même nom. Toutefois, il s'inscrit dans un format totalement différent et ne doit pas être confondu avec cet homologue anglo-saxon. Ce grade universitaire est obtenu en un à deux ans après l’obtention d’un premier grade. Le MBA a été créé aux États-Unis dans les écoles d'administration sous l'intitulé anglais de master's degree in business administration, devenu Master of business administration, en abrégé MBA.
Professeur (titre)right|thumb|Classe à l'université vers 1350, qui illustre le Professeur exécutant la lectio (lecture) sur sa chaire universitaire. Professeur ou professeure, souvent noté Pr ou Prof., est un terme utilisé comme un titre académique lié à l'histoire des universités. Il trouve ses origines dans les titulaires d'une chaire universitaire, ainsi amené à professer leurs savoirs à la manière des archevêques qui professaient depuis leur chaire ecclésiastique. Il qualifie un expert qui étudie, professe et débat de connaissances dans un art ou une science.
Terminal degreeA terminal degree is the highest-level college degree that can be achieved and awarded in an academic discipline or professional field. In other cases, it is a degree that is awarded because a doctoral-level degree is not available nor appropriate. An earned academic (or research) doctorate such as a Ph.D., Ed.D. or D.B.A. is considered the terminal degree in most academic fields, as well as the most advanced degree possible, advancing the boundaries of human knowledge through research and dissertation defense, in the United States.
Doctorat en éducationThe Doctor of Education (Ed.D. or D.Ed.; Latin Educationis Doctor or Doctor Educationis) is (depending on region and university) a research or professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education. It prepares the holder for academic, research, administrative, clinical, or professional positions in educational, civil, private organizations, or public institutions. Considerable differences exist in structure, content and aims between regions.
École de commercevignette|Schéma représentant la triple accréditation . Une école de commerce est un établissement d’enseignement supérieur spécialisé dans le commerce et le management. L'expression business school désignait initialement les écoles américaines qui enseignent les matières et techniques liées au monde des affaires ou de l’entreprise : management, stratégie, finances, comptabilité, marketing, ressources humaines, etc.
