Comité de protection des personnesLes Comités de protection des personnes (CPP) représentent l'équivalent français des research ethics committees ou « Comités d'éthique de la recherche » présents dans les pays anglo-saxons et les autres pays européens. Leur rôle est de s'assurer que tout projet de recherche impliquant la personne humaine mené en France respecte diverses mesures (médicales, éthiques et juridiques) visant à assurer la protection des personnes qui participeront à cette recherche.
Future historyA future history is a postulated history of the future and is used by authors of science fiction and other speculative fiction to construct a common background for fiction. Sometimes the author publishes a timeline of events in the history, while other times the reader can reconstruct the order of the stories from information provided therein. The term appears to have been coined by John W. Campbell, Jr., the editor of Astounding Science Fiction, in the February 1941 issue of that magazine, in reference to Robert A.
The Nature of the Firm"The Nature of the Firm" (1937) is an article by Ronald Coase. It offered an economic explanation of why individuals choose to form partnerships, companies, and other business entities rather than trading bilaterally through contracts on a market. The author was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1991 in part due to this paper. Despite the honor, the paper was written when Coase was an undergraduate and he described it later in life as "little more than an undergraduate essay.
Catena (linguistics)In linguistics, a catena (English pronunciation: kəˈtiːnə, plural catenas or catenae; from Latin for "chain") is a unit of syntax and morphology, closely associated with dependency grammars. It is a more flexible and inclusive unit than the constituent and its proponents therefore consider it to be better suited than the constituent to serve as the fundamental unit of syntactic and morphosyntactic analysis. The catena has served as the basis for the analysis of a number of phenomena of syntax, such as idiosyncratic meaning, ellipsis mechanisms (e.
Interrogation (linguistique)En linguistique, l'interrogation est un acte de langage par laquelle l'émetteur d'un énoncé adresse au destinataire (réel ou fictif) de celui-ci une demande d'information portant sur son contenu. Une phrase interrogative est couramment appelée « question ». L'interrogation totale concerne la phrase entière et appelle une réponse totale, comme « oui », « non », « sûrement »... Une telle question totale porte en fait très souvent sur un élément partiel, mis en relief par divers moyens ou non : ex.
Yield (engineering)In materials science and engineering, the yield point is the point on a stress-strain curve that indicates the limit of elastic behavior and the beginning of plastic behavior. Below the yield point, a material will deform elastically and will return to its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is passed, some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-reversible and is known as plastic deformation.
Ellipse (rhétorique)L’ellipse (substantif féminin) (du grec ancien , « manque, défaut, insuffisance ») est un procédé grammatical qui consiste à omettre un ou plusieurs éléments en principe nécessaires à la compréhension du texte, pour produire un effet de raccourci. Elle oblige le récepteur à rétablir mentalement ce que l’auteur passe sous silence. La brachylogie est une variante brève de l'ellipse. En narratologie, une « ellipse temporelle », également appelée « ellipse narrative » consiste à passer sous silence une période, c'est-à-dire à ne pas en raconter les événements.
Yes–no questionIn linguistics, a yes–no question, also known as a binary question, a polar question, or a general question, is a question whose expected answer is one of two choices, one that provides an affirmative answer to the question versus one that provides a negative answer to the question. Typically, in English, the choices are either "yes" or "no". Yes–no questions present an exclusive disjunction, namely a pair of alternatives of which only one is a felicitous answer.
