Split (graph theory)In graph theory, a split of an undirected graph is a cut whose cut-set forms a complete bipartite graph. A graph is prime if it has no splits. The splits of a graph can be collected into a tree-like structure called the split decomposition or join decomposition, which can be constructed in linear time. This decomposition has been used for fast recognition of circle graphs and distance-hereditary graphs, as well as for other problems in graph algorithms.
Computational complexityIn computer science, the computational complexity or simply complexity of an algorithm is the amount of resources required to run it. Particular focus is given to computation time (generally measured by the number of needed elementary operations) and memory storage requirements. The complexity of a problem is the complexity of the best algorithms that allow solving the problem. The study of the complexity of explicitly given algorithms is called analysis of algorithms, while the study of the complexity of problems is called computational complexity theory.
Claw-free graphIn graph theory, an area of mathematics, a claw-free graph is a graph that does not have a claw as an induced subgraph. A claw is another name for the complete bipartite graph K1,3 (that is, a star graph comprising three edges, three leaves, and a central vertex). A claw-free graph is a graph in which no induced subgraph is a claw; i.e., any subset of four vertices has other than only three edges connecting them in this pattern. Equivalently, a claw-free graph is a graph in which the neighborhood of any vertex is the complement of a triangle-free graph.
Trapezoid graphIn graph theory, trapezoid graphs are intersection graphs of trapezoids between two horizontal lines. They are a class of co-comparability graphs that contain interval graphs and permutation graphs as subclasses. A graph is a trapezoid graph if there exists a set of trapezoids corresponding to the vertices of the graph such that two vertices are joined by an edge if and only if the corresponding trapezoids intersect. Trapezoid graphs were introduced by Dagan, Golumbic, and Pinter in 1988.
Feedback arc setvignette|Ce graphe orienté n'a pas de circuits: il n'est pas possible de partir d'un sommet quelconque et de revenir à ce même point, en suivant les connexions dans la direction indiquée par les flèches. En théorie des graphes, un graphe orienté peut contenir des circuits, c'est-à-dire des chemins qui reviennent sur leur point de départ. Dans certaines applications, ces circuits sont indésirables, et on cherche à les éliminer pour obtenir un graphe orienté acyclique (souvent abrégé en DAG).
Χ-boundedIn graph theory, a -bounded family of graphs is one for which there is some function such that, for every integer the graphs in with (clique number) can be colored with at most colors. This concept and its notation were formulated by András Gyárfás. The use of the Greek letter chi in the term -bounded is based on the fact that the chromatic number of a graph is commonly denoted . It is not true that the family of all graphs is -bounded.
Chordal bipartite graphIn the mathematical area of graph theory, a chordal bipartite graph is a bipartite graph B = (X,Y,E) in which every cycle of length at least 6 in B has a chord, i.e., an edge that connects two vertices that are a distance > 1 apart from each other in the cycle. A better name would be weakly chordal and bipartite since chordal bipartite graphs are in general not chordal as the induced cycle of length 4 shows. Chordal bipartite graphs have various characterizations in terms of perfect elimination orderings, hypergraphs and matrices.
Espace précompactEn topologie, une branche des mathématiques, un espace métrique E est précompact si, pour tout ε > 0, on peut recouvrir E par un nombre fini de boules de rayon ε. La propriété principale est qu'un espace métrique est compact si et seulement s'il est précompact et complet. La notion de précompacité et ses propriétés se généralisent aux espaces uniformes. Soit E un espace métrique. Si l'une des trois propriétés suivantes est vérifiée, alors toutes trois le sont et E est dit précompact.
Circle graphIn graph theory, a circle graph is the intersection graph of a chord diagram. That is, it is an undirected graph whose vertices can be associated with a finite system of chords of a circle such that two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding chords cross each other. gives an O(n2)-time algorithm that tests whether a given n-vertex undirected graph is a circle graph and, if it is, constructs a set of chords that represents it. A number of other problems that are NP-complete on general graphs have polynomial time algorithms when restricted to circle graphs.
Lovász numberIn graph theory, the Lovász number of a graph is a real number that is an upper bound on the Shannon capacity of the graph. It is also known as Lovász theta function and is commonly denoted by , using a script form of the Greek letter theta to contrast with the upright theta used for Shannon capacity. This quantity was first introduced by László Lovász in his 1979 paper On the Shannon Capacity of a Graph. Accurate numerical approximations to this number can be computed in polynomial time by semidefinite programming and the ellipsoid method.
