MaprotilineMaprotiline, sold under the brand name Ludiomil among others, is a tetracyclic antidepressant (TeCA) that is used in the treatment of depression. It may alternatively be classified as a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), specifically a secondary amine. In terms of its chemistry and pharmacology, maprotiline is closely related to other secondary amine TCAs like nortriptyline and protriptyline, and has similar effects to them. Maprotiline is used in the treatment of depression, such as depression associated with agitation or anxiety and has similar efficacy to the antidepressant drug moclobemide.
Phobie socialeLa phobie sociale (PS), ou trouble de l’anxiété sociale (TAS), est une forme de troubles anxieux définie récemment (1980 aux États-Unis) et classée actuellement parmi les troubles psychiatriques les plus fréquents. Elle correspond à ce qu'on appelle traditionnellement une timidité extrême, gênante ou handicapante. Hippocrate avait déjà décrit la timidité aux alentours de 400 . L'expression « phobie des situations sociales » apparaît dans le cours des .
Dépression résistanteLa dépression résistante, ou dépression réfractaire aux traitements, est un terme de psychiatrie clinique pour décrire une dépression majeure qui ne répond pas correctement aux protocoles de traitements antidépresseurs sur une certaine durée. Il existe plusieurs définitions de la dépression résistante, mais elles n'englobent pas la résistance aux psychothérapies. Traditionnellement, l'absence de réponse (c'est-à-dire que les symptômes dépressifs ne s'améliorent pas) est considérée comme une résistance au traitement.
Occupational stressOccupational stress is psychological stress related to one's job. Occupational stress refers to a chronic condition. Occupational stress can be managed by understanding what the stressful conditions at work are and taking steps to remediate those conditions. Occupational stress can occur when workers do not feel supported by supervisors or coworkers, feel as if they have little control over the work they perform, or find that their efforts on the job are incommensurate with the job's rewards.
Bipolar II disorderBipolar II disorder (BP-II) is a mood disorder on the bipolar spectrum, characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression. Diagnosis for BP-II requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode. Otherwise, one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder (BP-I). Hypomania is a sustained state of elevated or irritable mood that is less severe than mania yet may still significantly affect the quality of life and result in permanent consequences including reckless spending, damaged relationships and poor judgment.
Self-disorderA self-disorder, also called ipseity disturbance, is a psychological phenomenon of disruption or diminishing of a person's minimal self – the fundamental sense that one's experiences are truly one's own. People with self-disorder feel that their internal experiences are actually external; for example, they may experience their own thoughts as coming from outside themselves, whether in the form of true auditory hallucinations or merely as a vague sense that their thoughts do not belong to them.
Facteur de croissanceEn biologie, un facteur de croissance métabolique est une substance organique nécessaire à la croissance d'un organisme ou microorganisme, à l'exclusion de la source de carbone et d'énergie, substance qu'il ne peut synthétiser ou ne peut synthétiser en quantités suffisantes. Attention, il existe aussi des facteurs de croissance utilisés dans les cultures de cellules eucaryotes qui sont le plus souvent des agents mitogènes.
Adult neurogenesisAdult neurogenesis is the process in which neurons are generated from neural stem cells in the adult. This process differs from prenatal neurogenesis. In most mammals, new neurons are born throughout adulthood in two regions of the brain: The subgranular zone (SGZ), part of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where neural stem cells give birth to granule cells (implicated in memory formation and learning). The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, which can be divided into three microdomains: lateral, dorsal and medial.
NeurogenèseLa neurogenèse désigne l'ensemble du processus de formation d'un neurone fonctionnel du système nerveux à partir d'une cellule souche neurale. Elle a principalement lieu lors du développement neuronal du cerveau chez l'embryon et l'enfant (« neurogenèse primaire »). Certaines structures cérébrales des mammifères continuent cependant à produire des neurones chez l'individu adulte (). Issues du neuroectoderme, provenant lui-même de l'ectoderme, ces cellules migrent pendant la formation des structures du système nerveux central (tube neural puis vésicules cérébrales primitives : prosencéphale, mésencéphale et rhombencéphale).
Long-term effects of alcoholThe long-term heavy consumption of alcohol (alcohol use disorder) can cause severe detrimental effects. Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, erectile dysfunction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, gastritis, stomach ulcers, alcoholic liver disease, certain types of dementia, and several types of cancer. In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (e.
