ImageUne image est une représentation visuelle, voire mentale, de quelque chose (objet, être vivant ou concept). Elle peut être naturelle (ombre, reflet) ou artificielle (sculpture, peinture, photographie), visuelle ou non, tangible ou conceptuelle (métaphore), elle peut entretenir un rapport de ressemblance directe avec son modèle ou au contraire y être liée par un rapport plus symbolique. Pour la sémiologie ou sémiotique, qui a développé tout un secteur de sémiotique visuelle, l'image est conçue comme produite par un langage spécifique.
Spatial multiplexingSpatial multiplexing or space-division multiplexing (SM, SDM or SMX) is a multiplexing technique in MIMO wireless communication, fibre-optic communication and other communications technologies used to transmit independent channels separated in space. In fibre-optic communication SDM refers to the usage of the transverse dimension of the fibre to separate the channels. Multi-core fibres are fibres designed with more than a single core.
Reliable byte streamA reliable byte stream is a common service paradigm in computer networking; it refers to a byte stream in which the bytes which emerge from the communication channel at the recipient are exactly the same, and in exactly the same order, as they were when the sender inserted them into the channel. The classic example of a reliable byte stream communication protocol is the Transmission Control Protocol, one of the major building blocks of the Internet.
Grain (céréale)vignette|redresse|Grains de blé. vignette|redresse|Grains de maïs. vignette|redresse|Structure schématique d'un grain de blé (coupe longitudinale). Le grain est le fruit, ou la semence, des céréales (famille des Gramineae). Sur le plan botanique, c'est un caryopse, fruit sec indéhiscent contenant une seule graine dont le tégument est soudé aux tissus du péricarpe. Ce terme est dans le langage courant un quasi-synonyme de céréale, il est cependant parfois utilisé pour désigner les graines de légumes secs (famille des Leguminosae)lien web|langue =fr|url = =GRAIN subst.
Retouche numériqueImage editing encompasses the processes of altering s, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images.
Large deformation diffeomorphic metric mappingLarge deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) is a specific suite of algorithms used for diffeomorphic mapping and manipulating dense imagery based on diffeomorphic metric mapping within the academic discipline of computational anatomy, to be distinguished from its precursor based on diffeomorphic mapping. The distinction between the two is that diffeomorphic metric maps satisfy the property that the length associated to their flow away from the identity induces a metric on the group of diffeomorphisms, which in turn induces a metric on the orbit of shapes and forms within the field of Computational Anatomy.
Heavy crude oilHeavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly viscous oil that cannot easily flow from production wells under normal reservoir conditions. It is referred to as "heavy" because its density or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil. Heavy crude oil has been defined as any liquid petroleum with an API gravity less than 20°. Physical properties that differ between heavy crude oils and lighter grades include higher viscosity and specific gravity, as well as higher molecular weight hydrocarbon composition.
Couplage (théorie des graphes)En théorie des graphes, un couplage ou appariement (en anglais matching) d'un graphe est un ensemble d'arêtes de ce graphe qui n'ont pas de sommets en commun. Soit un graphe simple non orienté G = (S, A) (où S est l'ensemble des sommets et A l'ensemble des arêtes, qui sont certaines paires de sommets), un couplage M est un ensemble d'arêtes deux à deux non adjacentes. C'est-à-dire que M est une partie de l'ensemble A des arêtes telle que Un couplage maximum est un couplage contenant le plus grand nombre possible d'arêtes.
Maximum cardinality matchingMaximum cardinality matching is a fundamental problem in graph theory. We are given a graph G, and the goal is to find a matching containing as many edges as possible; that is, a maximum cardinality subset of the edges such that each vertex is adjacent to at most one edge of the subset. As each edge will cover exactly two vertices, this problem is equivalent to the task of finding a matching that covers as many vertices as possible.
Fiabilité (réseau informatique)Dans les réseaux informatiques, un protocole fiable fournit l'assurance de la livraison des données au destinataire(s), par opposition à un protocole peu fiable, qui ne fournit pas de notifications à l'expéditeur concernant la livraison des données transmises. La fiabilité est un synonyme de l' assurance, qui est le terme utilisé par l'UIT et le forum de l'ATM dans le cadre de sa fonction de coordination spécifique au service ATM, par exemple pour assurer la transparence de la livraison assurée avec AAL5.
