Radial glial cellRadial glial cells, or radial glial progenitor cells (RGPs), are bipolar-shaped progenitor cells that are responsible for producing all of the neurons in the cerebral cortex. RGPs also produce certain lineages of glia, including astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Their cell bodies (somata) reside in the embryonic ventricular zone, which lies next to the developing ventricular system. During development, newborn neurons use radial glia as scaffolds, traveling along the radial glial fibers in order to reach their final destinations.
Linear circuitA linear circuit is an electronic circuit which obeys the superposition principle. This means that the output of the circuit F(x) when a linear combination of signals ax1(t) + bx2(t) is applied to it is equal to the linear combination of the outputs due to the signals x1(t) and x2(t) applied separately: It is called a linear circuit because the output voltage and current of such a circuit are linear functions of its input voltage and current. This kind of linearity is not the same as that of straight-line graphs.
Oscillateur (électronique)vignette|Un oscillateur intégré à quartz. Un oscillateur électronique est un circuit dont la fonction est de produire un signal électrique périodique, de forme sinusoïdale, carrée, en dents de scie, ou quelconque. L'oscillateur peut avoir une fréquence fixe ou variable. Il existe plusieurs types d'oscillateurs électroniques ; les principaux sont : oscillateurs à circuit LC et un étage amplificateur, HF le plus souvent ; oscillateurs à déphasage avec étage RC, qui délivrent des signaux sinusoïdaux : l'exemple-type est l'oscillateur à pont de Wien ; générateur de créneaux ; oscillateur à quartz, très stable et de haute précision grâce à des résonateurs à micro-onde ; ils sont utilisés dans les horloges atomiques.
Drug-eluting stentA drug-eluting stent (DES) is a peripheral or coronary stent (a scaffold) placed into narrowed, diseased peripheral or coronary arteries that slowly release a drug to block cell proliferation. This prevents fibrosis that, together with clots (thrombi), could otherwise block the stented artery, a process called restenosis. The stent is usually placed within the peripheral or coronary artery by an interventional cardiologist or interventional radiologist during an angioplasty procedure.
Résistance négativeUne résistance négative est une propriété de certains circuits électriques ou matériaux pour lesquels, sur une certaine plage, le courant qui les traverse diminue quand la tension augmente . On donne aussi le nom de résistance négative à des montages convertisseurs d'impédance négative (NIC) construits à l'aide d'amplificateurs fonctionnant avec une rétroaction positive et qui se comportent comme des « résistances actives ». Le montage se comporte comme une résistance linéaire active c'est-à-dire un générateur dont la f.
Microelectrode arrayMicroelectrode arrays (MEAs) (also referred to as multielectrode arrays) are devices that contain multiple (tens to thousands) microelectrodes through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry. There are two general classes of MEAs: implantable MEAs, used in vivo, and non-implantable MEAs, used in vitro. Neurons and muscle cells create ion currents through their membranes when excited, causing a change in voltage between the inside and the outside of the cell.
Drug deliveryDrug delivery refers to approaches, formulations, manufacturing techniques, storage systems, and technologies involved in transporting a pharmaceutical compound to its target site to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. Principles related to drug preparation, route of administration, site-specific targeting, metabolism, and toxicity are used to optimize efficacy and safety, and to improve patient convenience and compliance. Drug delivery is aimed at altering a drug's pharmacokinetics and specificity by formulating it with different excipients, drug carriers, and medical devices.
Glial scarA glial scar formation (gliosis) is a reactive cellular process involving astrogliosis that occurs after injury to the central nervous system. As with scarring in other organs and tissues, the glial scar is the body's mechanism to protect and begin the healing process in the nervous system. In the context of neurodegeneration, formation of the glial scar has been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects.
Distributed-element modelIn electrical engineering, the distributed-element model or transmission-line model of electrical circuits assumes that the attributes of the circuit (resistance, capacitance, and inductance) are distributed continuously throughout the material of the circuit. This is in contrast to the more common lumped-element model, which assumes that these values are lumped into electrical components that are joined by perfectly conducting wires.
Interface neuronale directethumb|250px|Schéma d'une interface neuronale directe. Une interface neuronale directe - abrégée IND ou BCI ou encore ICM (interface cerveau-machine, ou encore interface cerveau-ordinateur) est une interface de communication directe entre un cerveau et un dispositif externe (un ordinateur, un système électronique...). Ces systèmes peuvent être conçus dans le but d'étudier le cerveau, d'assister, améliorer ou réparer des fonctions humaines de cognition ou d'action défaillantes. L'IND peut être unidirectionnelle ou bidirectionnelle.
