MitochondrieUne mitochondrie est un organite, possédant toutes les caractéristiques d'un organisme procaryote, entourée d'une double membrane composée chacune d'une double couche phospholipidique, et retrouvée chez la plupart des cellules eucaryotes (absente dans les érythrocytes matures et chez certains parasites). Leur diamètre varie généralement entre tandis que leur forme générale et leur structure sont extrêmement variables. On en retrouve jusqu'à par cellule, et elles sont localisées préférentiellement au niveau des zones cellulaires consommatrices d'adénosine triphosphate (ATP).
Génie minierMining in the engineering discipline is the extraction of minerals from underneath, open pit, above, or on the ground. Mining engineering is associated with many other disciplines, such as mineral processing, exploration, excavation, geology, and metallurgy, geotechnical engineering and surveying. A mining engineer may manage any phase of mining operations, from exploration and discovery of the mineral resources, through feasibility study, mine design, development of plans, production and operations to mine closure.
Pharming (biologie)Pharming, a portmanteau of "farming" and "pharmaceutical", refers to the use of genetic engineering to insert genes that code for useful pharmaceuticals into host animals or plants that would otherwise not express those genes, thus creating a genetically modified organism (GMO). Pharming is also known as molecular farming, molecular pharming or biopharming. The products of pharming are recombinant proteins or their metabolic products.
Moss bioreactorA moss bioreactor is a photobioreactor used for the cultivation and propagation of mosses. It is usually used in molecular farming for the production of recombinant protein using transgenic moss. In environmental science moss bioreactors are used to multiply peat mosses e.g. by the Mossclone consortium to monitor air pollution. Moss is a very frugal photoautotrophic organism that has been kept in vitro for research purposes since the beginning of the 20th century.
