Recreational drug useRecreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness, either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime. When a psychoactive drug enters the user's body, it induces an intoxicating effect. Generally, recreational drugs are divided into three categories: depressants (drugs that induce a feeling of relaxation and calmness), stimulants (drugs that induce a sense of energy and alertness), and hallucinogens (drugs that induce perceptual distortions such as hallucination).
Médicament biologiqueUn médicament biologique ou biomédicament est un produit biotechnologique, pharmaceuticalement actif et synthétisé par une source biologique (cellule vivante) ou extraite d'elle, et non obtenue par la chimie de synthèse. Ceci inclut des protéines (par exemple hormones, cytokines, anticorps, des vaccins, etc.) et des glycanes (anticoagulants tels que les héparine), c'est-à-dire des macromolécules généralement très complexes (par leur formule chimique, leur taille et configuration spatiale).
Ursid hybridAn ursid hybrid is an animal with parents from two different species or subspecies of the bear family (Ursidae). Species and subspecies of bear known to have produced offspring with another bear species or subspecies include American black bears, grizzly bears, and polar bears, all of which are members of the genus Ursus. Bears not included in Ursus, such as the giant panda, are expected to be unable to produce hybrids with other bears. The giant panda bear belongs to the genus Ailuropoda.
Hybrid vehicle drivetrainHybrid vehicle drivetrains transmit power to the driving wheels for hybrid vehicles. A hybrid vehicle has multiple forms of motive power. Hybrids come in many configurations. For example, a hybrid may receive its energy by burning gasoline, but switch between an electric motor and a combustion engine. Electrical vehicles have a long history combining internal combustion and electrical transmission - as in a diesel–electric power-train - although they have mostly been used for rail locomotives.
Maladievignette|320px|The Sick Girl (en français : La Fille malade) de Michael Ancher La maladie est une altération des fonctions ou de la santé d'un organisme vivant. On parle aussi bien de la maladie, se référant à l'ensemble des altérations de santé, que dune maladie, qui désigne alors une entité particulière caractérisée par des causes, des symptômes, une évolution et des possibilités thérapeutiques propres. Un ou une malade est une personne souffrant d'une maladie, qu'elle soit déterminée ou non.
Dérivée logarithmiqueEn mathématiques et plus particulièrement en analyse et en analyse complexe, la dérivée logarithmique d'une fonction f dérivable ne s'annulant pas est la fonction : où f est la dérivée de f. Lorsque la fonction f est à valeurs réelles strictement positives, la dérivée logarithmique coïncide avec la dérivée de la composée de f par la fonction logarithme ln, comme le montre la formule de la dérivée d'une composée de fonctions.
Chimie pharmaceutiqueLa chimie pharmaceutique et la chimie thérapeutique (chimie médicinale ou chimie médicale) sont des disciplines scientifiques placées à l'intersection de la chimie, de la pharmacologie et de la médecine. Elles sont hautement interdisciplinaires et mélangent la chimie organique, la biochimie, la chimie numérique, la pharmacologie, la pharmacognosie, la biologie moléculaire, les statistiques et la chimie physique. La chimie pharmaceutique a pour objet la définition et la préparation de composés chimiques, substances actives et excipients, entrant dans la composition des médicaments.
Drug discoveryIn the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology.
Hybrid beasts in folkloreHybrid beasts are creatures composed of parts from different animals, including humans, appearing in the folklore of a variety of cultures as legendary creatures. Remains similar to those of mythological hybrids have been found in burial sites discovered by archaeologists. Known combinations include horse-cows, sheep-cows, and a six-legged sheep. The skeletons were formed by ancient peoples who joined together body parts from animal carcasses of different species. The practice is believed to have been done as an offering to their gods.
Generalizations of the derivativeIn mathematics, the derivative is a fundamental construction of differential calculus and admits many possible generalizations within the fields of mathematical analysis, combinatorics, algebra, geometry, etc. The Fréchet derivative defines the derivative for general normed vector spaces . Briefly, a function , an open subset of , is called Fréchet differentiable at if there exists a bounded linear operator such that Functions are defined as being differentiable in some open neighbourhood of , rather than at individual points, as not doing so tends to lead to many pathological counterexamples.
