Repliement de spectrethumb|300px|Ce graphique démontre le repliement du spectre d'un signal sinusoïdal de fréquence f = 0,9, confondu avec un signal de fréquence f = 0,1 lors d'un échantillonnage de période T = 1,0. Le repliement de spectre (aliasing en anglais) est un phénomène qui introduit, dans un signal qui module une fréquence porteuse ou dans un signal échantillonné, des fréquences qui ne devraient pas s'y trouver, lorsque la fréquence porteuse ou la fréquence d'échantillonnage sont inférieures à deux fois la fréquence maximale contenue dans le signal.
Quadrature mirror filterIn digital signal processing, a quadrature mirror filter is a filter whose magnitude response is the mirror image around of that of another filter. Together these filters, first introduced by Croisier et al., are known as the quadrature mirror filter pair. A filter is the quadrature mirror filter of if . The filter responses are symmetric about : In audio/voice codecs, a quadrature mirror filter pair is often used to implement a filter bank that splits an input signal into two bands.
Error correction codeIn computing, telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction (FEC) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels. The central idea is that the sender encodes the message in a redundant way, most often by using an error correction code or error correcting code (ECC). The redundancy allows the receiver not only to detect errors that may occur anywhere in the message, but often to correct a limited number of errors.
Channel access methodIn telecommunications and computer networks, a channel access method or multiple access method allows more than two terminals connected to the same transmission medium to transmit over it and to share its capacity. Examples of shared physical media are wireless networks, bus networks, ring networks and point-to-point links operating in half-duplex mode. A channel access method is based on multiplexing, that allows several data streams or signals to share the same communication channel or transmission medium.
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexingL’OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) est un procédé de codage de signaux numériques par répartition en fréquences orthogonales sous forme de multiples sous-porteuses. Cette technique permet de lutter contre les canaux sélectifs en fréquence en permettant une égalisation de faible complexité. Ces canaux se manifestent notamment en présence de trajets multiples et sont d'autant plus pénalisants que le débit de transmission est élevé.
Synthèse des filtres linéairesEn électronique analogique ou numérique, la synthèse de filtres linéaires représente l'ensemble des outils mathématiques destinés à concevoir un filtre à partir de spécifications dans le domaine fréquentiel ou temporel. Un filtre linéaire est un système S vérifiant les propriétés suivantes : Linéarité Continuité Stationnarité De ces trois propriétés, on peut déduire qu'un filtre linéaire est caractérisé par une fonction h telle que la réponse du filtre à tout signal d'entrée e soit : Il s'agit du produit de convolution des fonctions h et e que l'on peut aussi noter : h est appelée la réponse impulsionnelle du filtre.
Time–frequency analysisIn signal processing, time–frequency analysis comprises those techniques that study a signal in both the time and frequency domains simultaneously, using various time–frequency representations. Rather than viewing a 1-dimensional signal (a function, real or complex-valued, whose domain is the real line) and some transform (another function whose domain is the real line, obtained from the original via some transform), time–frequency analysis studies a two-dimensional signal – a function whose domain is the two-dimensional real plane, obtained from the signal via a time–frequency transform.
Soft errorIn electronics and computing, a soft error is a type of error where a signal or datum is wrong. Errors may be caused by a defect, usually understood either to be a mistake in design or construction, or a broken component. A soft error is also a signal or datum which is wrong, but is not assumed to imply such a mistake or breakage. After observing a soft error, there is no implication that the system is any less reliable than before. One cause of soft errors is single event upsets from cosmic rays.
Interaction multimodaleMultimodal interaction provides the user with multiple modes of interacting with a system. A multimodal interface provides several distinct tools for input and output of data. Multimodal human-computer interaction refers to the "interaction with the virtual and physical environment through natural modes of communication", This implies that multimodal interaction enables a more free and natural communication, interfacing users with automated systems in both input and output.
Compression artifactA compression artifact (or artefact) is a noticeable distortion of media (including , audio, and video) caused by the application of lossy compression. Lossy data compression involves discarding some of the media's data so that it becomes small enough to be stored within the desired or transmitted (streamed) within the available bandwidth (known as the data rate or bit rate). If the compressor cannot store enough data in the compressed version, the result is a loss of quality, or introduction of artifacts.
