Matrice extracellulaireLa matrice extracellulaire est, dans des organismes vivants, un réseau tridimensionnel de macromolécules extracellulaires qui constitue la charpente des tissus. Appelé aussi ciment intercellulaire chez les animaux, ce réseau est présent dans tous les tissus animaux et est un support pour l'adhésion cellulaire. La matrice est constituée en grande partie de glycoprotéines et de protéines, ainsi que de glycosaminoglycanes chez les animaux et des pectines dans celle des végétaux.
Alcoholic liver diseaseAlcoholic liver disease (ALD), also called alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries. Although steatosis (fatty liver disease) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible.
Lobules of liverIn histology (microscopic anatomy), the lobules of liver, or hepatic lobules, are small divisions of the liver defined at the microscopic scale. The hepatic lobule is a building block of the liver tissue, consisting of a portal triad, hepatocytes arranged in linear cords between a capillary network, and a central vein. Lobules are different from the lobes of liver: they are the smaller divisions of the lobes. The two-dimensional microarchitecture of the liver can be viewed from different perspectives: The term "hepatic lobule", without qualification, typically refers to the classical lobule.
AthéromeAn atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall. The material consists of mostly macrophage cells, or debris, containing lipids, calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue. The accumulated material forms a swelling in the artery wall, which may intrude into the lumen of the artery, narrowing it and restricting blood flow. Atheroma is the pathological basis for the disease entity atherosclerosis, a subtype of arteriosclerosis.
Cancer du foieCet article donne une classification de différents types de cancer du foie. Carcinome hépatocellulaire : survient le plus souvent sur un terrain de cirrhose d'étiologie diverse : alcoolisme, hépatite B, hépatite C, hémochromatose. L'incidence élevée du Carcinome hépatocellulaire est aussi liée à la présence de l'aflatoxine, toxine produite par un champignon de type aspergillus . Ce champignon survit en formant un biofilm lui permettant d'échapper au système immunitaire, dans une infection de type aspergillose non invasive.
Chronic liver diseaseChronic liver disease in the clinical context is a disease process of the liver that involves a process of progressive destruction and regeneration of the liver parenchyma leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. "Chronic liver disease" refers to disease of the liver which lasts over a period of six months. It consists of a wide range of liver pathologies which include inflammation (chronic hepatitis), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entire spectrum need not be experienced.
GuérisonLa guérison est l'action de guérir d'une maladie ou le retour à la santé. Au niveau biologique c'est un processus par lequel les cellules du corps se régénèrent pour réduire l'espace d'une région endommagée par la nécrose. La guérison implique la suppression du tissu endommagé et le remplacement de ce tissu. Le remplacement peut se produire de deux façons : Par régénération : les cellules nécrotiques sont remplacées par le même tissu qu'auparavant ; Par réparation : le tissu originel est remplacé par un tissu cicatrisé.
Chronic woundA chronic wound is a wound that does not heal in an orderly set of stages and in a predictable amount of time the way most wounds do; wounds that do not heal within three months are often considered chronic. Chronic wounds seem to be detained in one or more of the phases of wound healing. For example, chronic wounds often remain in the inflammatory stage for too long. To overcome that stage and jump-start the healing process, a number of factors need to be addressed such as bacterial burden, necrotic tissue, and moisture balance of the whole wound.
Fibrose pulmonaire idiopathiqueLa fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique (FPI) est une maladie chronique, dévastatrice et mortelle, caractérisée par la dégradation progressive des fonctions pulmonaires. L'expression « fibrose pulmonaire » fait référence à une cicatrisation des tissus pulmonaires provoquant une dyspnée (difficulté à respirer) qui s’aggrave avec le temps. La fibrose est souvent associée à un mauvais pronostic. Le mot « idiopathique » signifie que la cause de cette fibrose est encore inconnue.
Wound bed preparationWound bed preparation (WBP) is a systematic approach to wound management by identifying and removing barriers to healing. The concept was originally developed in plastic surgery. During the year 2000, the concept was applied to systematizing the treatment of chronic wounds. The 2000 proposals recommended that wound management address the identifiable impediments to healing in order to achieve more successful outcomes. Three publications appeared that year that focused on the concept of managing the healing processes of a wound exudate, bioburden and devitalized tissue.
