Transition épithélio-mésenchymateuseUne transition épithélio-mésenchymateuse (TEM) désigne le passage d'un groupe de cellules épithéliales à une forme mésenchymateuse. Ce phénomène peut être réversible, les cellules subissant la Transition Mésenchymo-Épithéliale (TME). Les cellules en TEM perdent leur adhésion cellule-cellule (par une diminution de l'expression des cadhérines) et acquièrent des propriétés adhésives nouvelles vis-à-vis de la matrice extracellulaire (par l'expression d'un nouveau répertoire d'intégrines).
Molecular ecologyMolecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many questions in behavioral ecology). It is virtually synonymous with the field of "Ecological Genetics" as pioneered by Theodosius Dobzhansky, E. B. Ford, Godfrey M. Hewitt, and others.
Game complexityCombinatorial game theory measures game complexity in several ways: State-space complexity (the number of legal game positions from the initial position), Game tree size (total number of possible games), Decision complexity (number of leaf nodes in the smallest decision tree for initial position), Game-tree complexity (number of leaf nodes in the smallest full-width decision tree for initial position), Computational complexity (asymptotic difficulty of a game as it grows arbitrarily large).
Quotient ruleIn calculus, the quotient rule is a method of finding the derivative of a function that is the ratio of two differentiable functions. Let , where both f and g are differentiable and The quotient rule states that the derivative of h(x) is It is provable in many ways by using other derivative rules. Given , let , then using the quotient rule: The quotient rule can be used to find the derivative of as follows: Reciprocal rule The reciprocal rule is a special case of the quotient rule in which the numerator .
Endangered species recovery planAn endangered species recovery plan, also known as a species recovery plan, species action plan, species conservation action, or simply recovery plan, is a document describing the current status, threats and intended methods for increasing rare and endangered species population sizes. Recovery plans act as a foundation from which to build a conservation effort to preserve animals which are under threat of extinction. More than 320 species have died out and the world is continuing a rate of 1 species becoming extinct every two years.
Partition d'un ensemblevignette|Les 52 partitions d'un ensemble à 5 éléments. Les points noirs représentent les éléments de l'ensemble. Une région colorée correspond à un bloc de la partition qui regroupe plusieurs points noirs. Un point noir isolé signifie que cet élément appartient à un bloc qui est un singleton. En mathématiques, une partition d'un ensemble X est un ensemble de parties non vides de X deux à deux disjointes et dont l'union est X. Soit un ensemble X.
Logarithmic differentiationIn calculus, logarithmic differentiation or differentiation by taking logarithms is a method used to differentiate functions by employing the logarithmic derivative of a function f, The technique is often performed in cases where it is easier to differentiate the logarithm of a function rather than the function itself. This usually occurs in cases where the function of interest is composed of a product of a number of parts, so that a logarithmic transformation will turn it into a sum of separate parts (which is much easier to differentiate).
