Ondelettethumb|Ondelette de Daubechies d'ordre 2. Une ondelette est une fonction à la base de la décomposition en ondelettes, décomposition similaire à la transformée de Fourier à court terme, utilisée dans le traitement du signal. Elle correspond à l'idée intuitive d'une fonction correspondant à une petite oscillation, d'où son nom. Cependant, elle comporte deux différences majeures avec la transformée de Fourier à court terme : elle peut mettre en œuvre une base différente, non forcément sinusoïdale ; il existe une relation entre la largeur de l'enveloppe et la fréquence des oscillations : on effectue ainsi une homothétie de l'ondelette, et non seulement de l'oscillation.
Discrete wavelet transformIn numerical analysis and functional analysis, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is any wavelet transform for which the wavelets are discretely sampled. As with other wavelet transforms, a key advantage it has over Fourier transforms is temporal resolution: it captures both frequency and location information (location in time). Haar wavelet The first DWT was invented by Hungarian mathematician Alfréd Haar. For an input represented by a list of numbers, the Haar wavelet transform may be considered to pair up input values, storing the difference and passing the sum.
Wavelet transformIn mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform. A function is called an orthonormal wavelet if it can be used to define a Hilbert basis, that is a complete orthonormal system, for the Hilbert space of square integrable functions.
Gabor waveletGabor wavelets are wavelets invented by Dennis Gabor using complex functions constructed to serve as a basis for Fourier transforms in information theory applications. They are very similar to Morlet wavelets. They are also closely related to Gabor filters. The important property of the wavelet is that it minimizes the product of its standard deviations in the time and frequency domain. Put another way, the uncertainty in information carried by this wavelet is minimized.
Morlet waveletIn mathematics, the Morlet wavelet (or Gabor wavelet) is a wavelet composed of a complex exponential (carrier) multiplied by a Gaussian window (envelope). This wavelet is closely related to human perception, both hearing and vision. Wavelet#History In 1946, physicist Dennis Gabor, applying ideas from quantum physics, introduced the use of Gaussian-windowed sinusoids for time-frequency decomposition, which he referred to as atoms, and which provide the best trade-off between spatial and frequency resolution.
Ondelette de HaarL'ondelette de Haar, ou fonction de Rademacher, est une ondelette créée par Alfréd Haar en 1909. On considère que c'est la première ondelette connue. Il s'agit d'une fonction constante par morceaux, ce qui en fait l'ondelette la plus simple à comprendre et à implémenter. L'ondelette de Haar peut être généralisée par ce qu'on appelle le système de Haar. La fonction-mère des ondelettes de Haar est une fonction constante par morceaux : La fonction d'échelle associée est alors une fonction porte : Le système de Haar est une suite de fonctions continues par morceaux, appartenant à pour .
Continuous wavelet transformIn mathematics, the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is a formal (i.e., non-numerical) tool that provides an overcomplete representation of a signal by letting the translation and scale parameter of the wavelets vary continuously. The continuous wavelet transform of a function at a scale (a>0) and translational value is expressed by the following integral where is a continuous function in both the time domain and the frequency domain called the mother wavelet and the overline represents operation of complex conjugate.
Traitement numérique du signalLe traitement numérique du signal étudie les techniques de traitement (filtrage, compression, etc), d'analyse et d'interprétation des signaux numérisés. À la différence du traitement des signaux analogiques qui est réalisé par des dispositifs en électronique analogique, le traitement des signaux numériques est réalisé par des machines numériques (des ordinateurs ou des circuits dédiés). Ces machines numériques donnent accès à des algorithmes puissants, tel le calcul de la transformée de Fourier.
Filter bankIn signal processing, a filter bank (or filterbank) is an array of bandpass filters that separates the input signal into multiple components, each one carrying a single frequency sub-band of the original signal. One application of a filter bank is a graphic equalizer, which can attenuate the components differently and recombine them into a modified version of the original signal.
MultirésolutionA multiresolution analysis (MRA) or multiscale approximation (MSA) is the design method of most of the practically relevant discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) and the justification for the algorithm of the fast wavelet transform (FWT). It was introduced in this context in 1988/89 by Stephane Mallat and Yves Meyer and has predecessors in the microlocal analysis in the theory of differential equations (the ironing method) and the s of as introduced in 1981/83 by Peter J. Burt, Edward H. Adelson and James L.
