Filtre en peigneUn filtre en peigne est utilisé en traitement du signal pour ajouter une version retardée du signal à lui-même, provoquant des interférences destructives ou constructives. La réponse en fréquence du filtre se présente sous la forme d'une série de pics régulièrement espacés, d'où le nom de « filtre en peigne ». Le facteur de qualité équivalent (la pente du filtre) est extrêmement important. Les filtres en peigne existent sous deux formes utilisant soit l'anticipation soit la rétroaction, en fonction de la direction du signal ajouté au signal original.
Compressible flowCompressible flow (or gas dynamics) is the branch of fluid mechanics that deals with flows having significant changes in fluid density. While all flows are compressible, flows are usually treated as being incompressible when the Mach number (the ratio of the speed of the flow to the speed of sound) is smaller than 0.3 (since the density change due to velocity is about 5% in that case). The study of compressible flow is relevant to high-speed aircraft, jet engines, rocket motors, high-speed entry into a planetary atmosphere, gas pipelines, commercial applications such as abrasive blasting, and many other fields.
Filtre numériqueEn électronique, un filtre numérique est un élément qui effectue un filtrage à l'aide d'une succession d'opérations mathématiques sur un signal discret. C'est-à-dire qu'il modifie le contenu spectral du signal d'entrée en atténuant ou éliminant certaines composantes spectrales indésirées. Contrairement aux filtres analogiques, qui sont réalisés à l'aide d'un agencement de composantes physiques (résistance, condensateur, inductance, transistor, etc.
Onde longitudinaleLongitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels and displacement of the medium is in the same (or opposite) direction of the wave propagation. Mechanical longitudinal waves are also called compressional or compression waves, because they produce compression and rarefaction when traveling through a medium, and pressure waves, because they produce increases and decreases in pressure.
Neutron cross sectionIn nuclear physics, the concept of a neutron cross section is used to express the likelihood of interaction between an incident neutron and a target nucleus. The neutron cross section σ can be defined as the area in cm2 for which the number of neutron-nuclei reactions taking place is equal to the product of the number of incident neutrons that would pass through the area and the number of target nuclei. In conjunction with the neutron flux, it enables the calculation of the reaction rate, for example to derive the thermal power of a nuclear power plant.
Night visionNight vision is the ability to see in low-light conditions, either naturally with scotopic vision or through a night-vision device. Night vision requires both sufficient spectral range and sufficient intensity range. Humans have poor night vision compared to many animals such as cats, foxes and rabbits, in part because the human eye lacks a tapetum lucidum, tissue behind the retina that reflects light back through the retina thus increasing the light available to the photoreceptors.
Nuclear cross sectionThe nuclear cross section of a nucleus is used to describe the probability that a nuclear reaction will occur. The concept of a nuclear cross section can be quantified physically in terms of "characteristic area" where a larger area means a larger probability of interaction. The standard unit for measuring a nuclear cross section (denoted as σ) is the barn, which is equal to e-28m2, e-24cm2 or 100fm2.
Mechanical waveIn physics, a mechanical wave is a wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium. While waves can move over long distances, the movement of the medium of transmission—the material—is limited. Therefore, the oscillating material does not move far from its initial equilibrium position. Mechanical waves can be produced only in media which possess elasticity and inertia. There are three types of mechanical waves: transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves.
Jumelles de vision nocturnevignette|redresse=1.2|Deux soldats américains pendant la guerre d'Irak en 2003 vus à travers un système de vision nocturne. vignette|redresse=1.2|Un aviateur de l'U.S. Army utilisant une paire de lunettes AN/AVS-6 fixées sur un casque. vignette|redresse=1.2|Des jumelles de vision nocturne expérimentales. Les jumelles de vision nocturne (JVN), aussi appelées amplificateurs de lumière résiduelle (ALR) ou intensificateurs de lumière résiduelle (ILR) sont des instruments optiques permettant de voir dans l'obscurité (vision nocturne).
