Alginic acidAlginic acid, also called algin, is a naturally occurring, edible polysaccharide found in brown algae. It is hydrophilic and forms a viscous gum when hydrated. With metals such as sodium and calcium, its salts are known as alginates. Its colour ranges from white to yellowish-brown. It is sold in filamentous, granular, or powdered forms. It is a significant component of the biofilms produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen found in the lungs of some people who have cystic fibrosis.
Droplet-based microfluidicsDroplet-based microfluidics manipulate discrete volumes of fluids in immiscible phases with low Reynolds number and laminar flow regimes. Interest in droplet-based microfluidics systems has been growing substantially in past decades. Microdroplets offer the feasibility of handling miniature volumes (μl to fl) of fluids conveniently, provide better mixing, encapsulation, sorting, sensing and are suitable for high throughput experiments.
Numerical methods for partial differential equationsNumerical methods for partial differential equations is the branch of numerical analysis that studies the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). In principle, specialized methods for hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic partial differential equations exist. Finite difference method In this method, functions are represented by their values at certain grid points and derivatives are approximated through differences in these values.
Organ-on-a-chipAn organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture, integrated circuit (chip) that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of an entire organ or an organ system. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precisely in bio-MEMS. The convergence of labs-on-chips (LOCs) and cell biology has permitted the study of human physiology in an organ-specific context.
Chlorure de calciumLe chlorure de calcium est le sel de calcium de l'acide chlorhydrique. Sa formule chimique est CaCl2, il est déliquescent et très soluble dans l'eau. C'est un sel solide à la température ambiante, qui se comporte comme un sel d'halogénure typique, avec notamment une bonne conductivité électrique à l'état liquide et des liaisons chimiques ioniques. Il peut être obtenu directement à partir de la craie, mais il est également produit en grandes quantités comme produit secondaire de réactions mises en œuvre dans le procédé Solvay.
Chimie analytiqueLa chimie analytique est la partie de la chimie qui concerne l'analyse des produits, c'est-à-dire l'identification et la caractérisation de substances chimiques connues ou non. La substance chimique dont on cherche à déterminer les propriétés est appelée « analyte ». Ses applications vont du suivi de production (vérifier qu'une chaîne fabrique un produit conforme aux spécifications) à l'enquête policière (déterminer la nature d'une trace, la provenance d'une terre, d'une peinture).
Équation aux dérivées partielles elliptiqueEn mathématiques, une équation aux dérivées partielles linéaire du second ordre, dont la forme générale est donnée par : est dite elliptique en un point donné x de l'ouvert U si la matrice carrée symétrique des coefficients du second ordre admet des valeurs propres non nulles et de même signe. En physique, les équations de Laplace, et de Poisson pour le potentiel électrostatique respectivement dans le vide et pour la distribution de charges sont de type elliptique.
Convection–diffusion equationThe convection–diffusion equation is a combination of the diffusion and convection (advection) equations, and describes physical phenomena where particles, energy, or other physical quantities are transferred inside a physical system due to two processes: diffusion and convection. Depending on context, the same equation can be called the advection–diffusion equation, drift–diffusion equation, or (generic) scalar transport equation.
Paper-based microfluidicsPaper-based microfluidics are microfluidic devices that consist of a series of hydrophilic cellulose or nitrocellulose fibers that transport fluid from an inlet through the porous medium to a desired outlet or region of the device, by means of capillary action. This technology builds on the conventional lateral flow test which is capable of detecting many infectious agents and chemical contaminants. The main advantage of this is that it is largely a passively controlled device unlike more complex microfluidic devices.
Stochastic partial differential equationStochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) generalize partial differential equations via random force terms and coefficients, in the same way ordinary stochastic differential equations generalize ordinary differential equations. They have relevance to quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, and spatial modeling. One of the most studied SPDEs is the stochastic heat equation, which may formally be written as where is the Laplacian and denotes space-time white noise.
