Antenne dipolaireL'antenne dipolaire, élaborée par Heinrich Rudolph Hertz vers 1886, est une antenne constituée de deux brins métalliques, alimentée en son milieu et destinée à transmettre ou recevoir de l'énergie électromagnétique. Ce type d'antenne est le plus simple à étudier d'un point de vue analytique. 220px|thumb|Antenne dipolaire. thumb|300px|Une antenne dipolaire recevant une onde radio. thumb|Schéma géométrique d'un dipôle élémentaire.
Antenne radioélectriquethumb|Antenne rideau HF de télécommunication. thumb|Antennes de réception de la télévision. thumb|Montage d'une antenne de station terrienne au Nicaragua. thumb|upright=1.8|Un diagramme animé d'une antenne dipôle recevant une onde radio. En radioélectricité, une antenne est un dispositif permettant de rayonner (émetteur) ou de capter (récepteur) les ondes électromagnétiques. L'antenne est un élément fondamental dans un système radioélectrique, et ses caractéristiques de rendement, gain, diagramme de rayonnement influencent directement les performances de qualité et de portée du système.
Antenne rideauthumb|Antennes rideaux HF de radiodiffusion à Wertachtal, Bavière thumb|Antenne rideau HF de quatre fois quatre éléments dipôle à Hörby, Suède Une Antenne rideau est une antenne directive pour les ondes courtes (décamétriques) qu’on utilise pour des émetteurs radio. L’objectif des services de radiodiffusion en ondes décamétriques est la couverture d’une zone géographique étendue. Pour cela, il faut avoir une puissance d’émission suffisante et une fréquence adaptée à la prévision ionosphérique.
Antenne Yagithumb|Antennes Yagi thumb|Groupe de 8 antennes Yagi pour la bande EME L'antenne Yagi ou antenne Yagi-Uda (du nom de ses inventeurs, Hidetsugu Yagi et Shintaro Uda) est une antenne à éléments parasites utilisable des HF aux UHF. Mécaniquement simple à réaliser, elle est très utilisée en télévision terrestre, en liaisons point à point et par les radioamateurs. Elle fut inventée peu après la Première Guerre mondiale et utilisée pour les premiers radars. Elle est souvent appelée antenne râteau car les anciens modèles ressemblaient à un râteau.
Electrical lengthIn electrical engineering, electrical length is a dimensionless parameter equal to the physical length of an electrical conductor such as a cable or wire, divided by the wavelength of alternating current at a given frequency traveling through the conductor. In other words, it is the length of the conductor measured in wavelengths. It can alternately be expressed as an angle, in radians or degrees, equal to the phase shift the alternating current experiences traveling through the conductor.
Television antennaA television antenna (TV aerial) is an antenna specifically designed for use with a television receiver (TV) to receive over-the-air broadcast television signals from a television station. Television reception is dependent upon the antenna as well as the transmitter. Terrestrial television is broadcast on frequencies from about 47 to 250 MHz in the very high frequency (VHF) band, and 470 to 960 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band in different countries.
Aperture (antenna)In electromagnetics and antenna theory, the aperture of an antenna is defined as "A surface, near or on an antenna, on which it is convenient to make assumptions regarding the field values for the purpose of computing fields at external points. The aperture is often taken as that portion of a plane surface near the antenna, perpendicular to the direction of maximum radiation, through which the major part of the radiation passes.
Metamaterial antennaMetamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase performance of miniaturized (electrically small) antenna systems. Their purpose, as with any electromagnetic antenna, is to launch energy into free space. However, this class of antenna incorporates metamaterials, which are materials engineered with novel, often microscopic, structures to produce unusual physical properties. Antenna designs incorporating metamaterials can step-up the antenna's radiated power.
Reflective array antennaIn telecommunications and radar, a reflective array antenna is a class of directive antennas in which multiple driven elements are mounted in front of a flat surface designed to reflect the radio waves in a desired direction. They are a type of array antenna. They are often used in the VHF and UHF frequency bands. VHF examples are generally large and resemble a highway billboard, so they are sometimes called billboard antennas. Other names are bedspring array and bowtie array depending on the type of elements making up the antenna.
Mast radiatorA mast radiator (or radiating tower) is a radio mast or tower in which the metal structure itself is energized and functions as an antenna. This design, first used widely in the 1930s, is commonly used for transmitting antennas operating at low frequencies, in the LF and MF bands, in particular those used for AM radio broadcasting stations. The conductive steel mast is electrically connected to the transmitter. Its base is usually mounted on a nonconductive support to insulate it from the ground.
