History of the transistorA transistor is a semiconductor device with at least three terminals for connection to an electric circuit. In the common case, the third terminal controls the flow of current between the other two terminals. This can be used for amplification, as in the case of a radio receiver, or for rapid switching, as in the case of digital circuits. The transistor replaced the vacuum-tube triode, also called a (thermionic) valve, which was much larger in size and used significantly more power to operate.
Field-programmable gate arrayA field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured after manufacturing. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language (HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the configuration, but this is increasingly rare due to the advent of electronic design automation tools. FPGAs contain an array of programmable logic blocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects allowing blocks to be wired together.
Renesas Electronicsest un important fabricant de semi-conducteurs japonais, coté à la bourse de Tokyo (). Ses opérations portent sur le développement, la conception, la fabrication, les ventes et le service après-vente de composants électroniques. Renesas Technology naît en en tant que coentreprise de Hitachi (55 %) et Mitsubishi Electric (45 %) spécialisée dans les semi-conducteurs. Renesas Technology fusionne avec NEC Electronics (filiale de NEC spécialisée dans les semi-conducteurs créée en ) en et devient Renesas Electronics, coentreprise de NEC (33,97 %), Hitachi (30,62 %), Mitsubishi Electric (25,05 %) et (1,49 %).
Ferrite coreIn electronics, a ferrite core is a type of magnetic core made of ferrite on which the windings of electric transformers and other wound components such as inductors are formed. It is used for its properties of high magnetic permeability coupled with low electrical conductivity (which helps prevent eddy currents). Moreover, because of their comparatively low losses at high frequencies, they are extensively used in the cores of RF transformers and inductors in applications such as switched-mode power supplies, and ferrite loopstick antennas for AM radio receivers.
Voltage regulator moduleUn Voltage regulator module est un étage d'alimentation et de conversion de tension électrique, tel qu'utilisé sur les cartes mères d'ordinateur pour fournir la tension d'alimentation du CPU, ou sur les cartes graphiques pour le GPU. La DDR5, attendue pour la fin 2021, fait aussi utilisation de ces modules. Ils ont pour rôle de fabriquer la tension d'alimentation dont les composants ont besoin pour fonctionner, tension généralement pilotable.
Transistor radioA transistor radio is a small portable radio receiver that uses transistor-based circuitry. Following the invention of the transistor in 1947—which revolutionized the field of consumer electronics by introducing small but powerful, convenient hand-held devices—the Regency TR-1 was released in 1954 becoming the first commercial transistor radio. The mass-market success of the smaller and cheaper Sony TR-63, released in 1957, led to the transistor radio becoming the most popular electronic communication device of the 1960s and 1970s.
Invention of the integrated circuitThe first planar monolithic integrated circuit (IC) chip was demonstrated in 1960. The idea of integrating electronic circuits into a single device was born when the German physicist and engineer Werner Jacobi developed and patented the first known integrated transistor amplifier in 1949 and the British radio engineer Geoffrey Dummer proposed to integrate a variety of standard electronic components in a monolithic semiconductor crystal in 1952. A year later, Harwick Johnson filed a patent for a prototype IC.
Vibrator (electronic)A vibrator is an electromechanical device that takes a DC electrical supply and converts it into pulses that can be fed into a transformer. It is similar in purpose (although greatly different in operation) to the solid-state power inverter. Before the development of switch-mode power supplies and the introduction of semiconductor devices operating off low voltage, there was a requirement to generate voltages of about 50 to 250 V DC from a vehicle's battery.
Bobine d'arrêtUne bobine d'arrêt, parfois aussi appelée self de choc, est une bobine utilisée en électronique et en électrotechnique pour bloquer les hautes fréquences, atténuer les basses fréquences et laisser passer le continu. Elle exerce le rôle opposé à celui d'une capacité de liaison. vignette|redresse|Une bobine d'arrêt avec deux bobinages de pour un courant de . vignette|redresse|Une bobine d'arrêt de moyenne ou haute fréquence pour des dixièmes d'ampères, et une autre (a ferrite bead choke) de très haute fréquence (VHF) pour quelques ampères.
Proton magnetometerA proton magnetometer, also known as a proton precession magnetometer (PPM), uses the principle of Earth's field nuclear magnetic resonance (EFNMR) to measure very small variations in the Earth's magnetic field, allowing ferrous objects on land and at sea to be detected. It is used in land-based archaeology to map the positions of demolished walls and buildings, and at sea to locate wrecked ships, sometimes for recreational diving. PPMs were once widely used in mineral exploration.
