AcierUn acier est un alliage métallique constitué principalement de fer et de carbone. Il se distingue des fontes et des ferroalliages par sa teneur en carbone comprise entre 0,02 % et 2 % en masse. C’est essentiellement cette teneur en carbone qui confère à l'acier ses propriétés. Histoire de la production de l'acier L’Âge du fer se caractérise par l’adaptation du bas fourneau à la réduction du fer. Ce bas fourneau produit une loupe, un mélange hétérogène de fer, d’acier et de laitier, dont les meilleurs morceaux doivent être sélectionnés, puis cinglés pour en chasser le laitier.
Law of demandIn microeconomics, the law of demand is a fundamental principle which states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. In other words, "conditional on all else being equal, as the price of a good increases (↑), quantity demanded will decrease (↓); conversely, as the price of a good decreases (↓), quantity demanded will increase (↑)". Alfred Marshall worded this as: "When we say that a person's demand for anything increases, we mean that he will buy more of it than he would before at the same price, and that he will buy as much of it as before at a higher price".
Forge weldingForge welding (FOW), also called fire welding, is a solid-state welding process that joins two pieces of metal by heating them to a high temperature and then hammering them together. It may also consist of heating and forcing the metals together with presses or other means, creating enough pressure to cause plastic deformation at the weld surfaces. The process, although challenging, has been a method of joining metals used since ancient times and is a staple of traditional blacksmithing.
Aciériethumb|Aciérie avec deux fours à arc électrique. Une aciérie est une usine servant à produire de l'acier en grandes quantités, sous la forme de produits semi-finis. On distingue généralement deux types d'aciéries : les aciéries électriques qui produisent de l'acier à partir de ferrailles recyclées, et les aciéries à oxygène qui travaillent à partir de fonte liquide produite par un haut fourneau. De même que l'histoire de la production de l'acier commence avant celle de l'industrie sidérurgique, le terme « aciérie » a précédé les procédés de la Deuxième révolution industrielle.
BioceramicBioceramics and bioglasses are ceramic materials that are biocompatible. Bioceramics are an important subset of biomaterials. Bioceramics range in biocompatibility from the ceramic oxides, which are inert in the body, to the other extreme of resorbable materials, which are eventually replaced by the body after they have assisted repair. Bioceramics are used in many types of medical procedures. Bioceramics are typically used as rigid materials in surgical implants, though some bioceramics are flexible.
Forensic materials engineeringForensic materials engineering, a branch of forensic engineering, focuses on the material evidence from crime or accident scenes, seeking defects in those materials which might explain why an accident occurred, or the source of a specific material to identify a criminal. Many analytical methods used for material identification may be used in investigations, the exact set being determined by the nature of the material in question, be it metal, glass, ceramic, polymer or composite.
