Field-programmable gate arrayA field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured after manufacturing. The FPGA configuration is generally specified using a hardware description language (HDL), similar to that used for an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Circuit diagrams were previously used to specify the configuration, but this is increasingly rare due to the advent of electronic design automation tools. FPGAs contain an array of programmable logic blocks, and a hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects allowing blocks to be wired together.
Programmable logic arrayA programmable logic array (PLA) is a kind of programmable logic device used to implement combinational logic circuits. The PLA has a set of programmable AND gate planes, which link to a set of programmable OR gate planes, which can then be conditionally complemented to produce an output. It has 2N AND gates for N input variables, and for M outputs from PLA, there should be M OR gates, each with programmable inputs from all of the AND gates. This layout allows for many logic functions to be synthesized in the sum of products canonical forms.
Circuit logique programmableUn circuit logique programmable ou PLD (Programmable Logical Device), est un circuit intégré logique qui peut être programmé après sa fabrication. Il se compose de nombreuses cellules logiques élémentaires contenant des bascules logiques librement connectables. L'utilisateur doit donc programmer le circuit avant de l'utiliser. Les différentes logiques de programmation (unique, reprogrammable) et d'architecture ont conduit à la création de sous-familles dont les plus connues sont les FPGA et les CPLD.
Gate arrayA gate array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) using a prefabricated chip with components that are later interconnected into logic devices (e.g. NAND gates, flip-flops, etc.) according to custom order by adding metal interconnect layers in the factory. It was popular during the upheaval in the semiconductor industry in the 1980s, and its usage declined by the end of the 1990s.
Programmable Array LogicProgrammable Array Logic (PAL) is a family of programmable logic device semiconductors used to implement logic functions in digital circuits introduced by Monolithic Memories, Inc. (MMI) in March 1978. MMI obtained a registered trademark on the term PAL for use in "Programmable Semiconductor Logic Circuits". The trademark is currently held by Lattice Semiconductor. PAL devices consisted of a small PROM (programmable read-only memory) core and additional output logic used to implement particular desired logic functions with few components.
Cerveau humainLe 'cerveau humain' a la même structure générale que le cerveau des autres mammifères, mais il est celui dont la taille relative par rapport au reste du corps est devenue la plus grande au cours de l'évolution. Si la baleine bleue a le cerveau le plus lourd avec contre environ pour celui de l'homme, le coefficient d'encéphalisation humain est le plus élevé et est sept fois supérieur à celui de la moyenne des mammifères.
Modèle mathématiquevignette|Un automate fini est un exemple de modèle mathématique. Un modèle mathématique est une traduction d'une observation dans le but de lui appliquer les outils, les techniques et les théories mathématiques, puis généralement, en sens inverse, la traduction des résultats mathématiques obtenus en prédictions ou opérations dans le monde réel. Un modèle se rapporte toujours à ce qu’on espère en déduire.
GameCube controllerThe GameCube controller is the standard game controller for the GameCube home video game console, manufactured by Nintendo and launched in 2001. As the successor to the Nintendo 64 controller, it is the progression of Nintendo's controller design in numerous ways. The contentious M-shaped design of its predecessor was replaced with a more conventional handlebar style controller shape; a second analog stick was added, replacing the C buttons with a C stick and the X and Y face buttons, last seen on the Super Nintendo controller, were reintroduced; the shoulder buttons were changed to hybrid analog triggers.
Circuit underutilizationCircuit underutilization also chip underutilization, programmable circuit underutilization, gate underutilization, logic block underutilization refers to a physical incomplete utility of semiconductor grade silicon on a standardized mass-produced circuit programmable chip, such as a gate array type ASIC, an FPGA, or a CPLD. In the example of a gate array, which may come in sizes of 5,000 or 10,000 gates, a design which utilizes even 5,001 gates would be required to use a 10,000 gate chip.
Cerveauvignette|Cerveau d'un chimpanzé. Le cerveau est le principal organe du système nerveux des animaux bilatériens. Ce terme tient du langage courant (non scientifique) et chez les chordés, comme les humains, il peut désigner l'encéphale, ou uniquement une partie de l'encéphale, le prosencéphale (télencéphale + diencéphale), voire seulement le télencéphale. Néanmoins, dans cet article, le terme « cerveau » prend son sens le plus large. Le cerveau des chordés est situé dans la tête, protégé par le crâne chez les craniés, et son volume varie grandement d'une espèce à l'autre.
