Alcohol abuseAlcohol abuse encompasses a spectrum of unhealthy alcohol drinking behaviors, ranging from binge drinking to alcohol dependence, in extreme cases resulting in health problems for individuals and large scale social problems such as alcohol-related crimes. Alcohol abuse was a psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM-IV, and has been merged with alcohol dependence into alcohol use disorder in the DSM-5. Globally, excessive alcohol consumption is the seventh leading risk factor for both death and the burden of disease and injury, representing 5.
Effets de l'alcool sur la santévignette|La consommation d'alcool a des effets (directs ou indirects, immédiats et différés) sur de nombreux organes et sur tout l'organisme ; elle est impliquée dans plus de répertoriés par l'OMS)). Les effets de l'alcool sur la santé sont nombreux. La consommation d'alcool (ou éthanol), principalement sous forme de boisson, est impliquée à des degrés divers dans plus de 200 problèmes de santé différents. L'alcool est toxique pour de nombreux organes, dont le cerveau.
Alcohol (drug)Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is a depressant drug that is the active ingredient in drinks such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor). It is one of the oldest and most commonly consumed recreational drugs, causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication ("drunkenness"). Among other effects, alcohol produces happiness and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system (CNS) function.
Long-term effects of alcoholThe long-term heavy consumption of alcohol (alcohol use disorder) can cause severe detrimental effects. Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of developing an alcohol use disorder, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, erectile dysfunction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, gastritis, stomach ulcers, alcoholic liver disease, certain types of dementia, and several types of cancer. In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (e.
Exposition prénatale à l'alcoolL'exposition prénatale à l’alcool, SAF, est due au fait que la mère consomme des boissons alcoolisées (même en faible quantité) lors de la grossesse. Ceci peut induire un syndrome d'alcoolisation fœtale. Il n'existe pas de dose d'alcool pour laquelle la santé du bébé n'est pas menacée. L’embryon ou fœtus est alors exposé aux risques suivants : avortement spontané, retard de croissance, enfant prématuré, malformations physiques et troubles mentaux tels que déficit de l'attention, troubles de la mémoire et/ou difficultés d'apprentissage.
Alcohol lawAlcohol laws are laws in relation to the manufacture, use, being under the influence of and sale of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) or alcoholic beverages that contains ethanol. Common alcoholic beverages include beer, wine, (hard) cider, and distilled spirits (e.g., vodka, rum, gin). The United States defines an alcoholic beverage as "any beverage in liquid form which contains not less than one-half of one percent of alcohol by volume", but this definition varies internationally.
Binge drinkingthumb|William Hogarth, 1732 environ, scène d’hyperalcoolisation. Le binge drinking, beuverie express ou hyperalcoolisation rapide est un mode de consommation excessif de boissons alcoolisées sur une courte période de temps, par épisodes ponctuels ou répétés. Ce type de comportement, dans lequel l'état d'ivresse est recherché rapidement, est considéré comme une dépendance ou une dipsomanie, dès lors que la dépendance à l'alcool sous forme épisodique est établie.
Cognitive flexibilityCognitive flexibility is an intrinsic property of a cognitive system often associated with the mental ability to adjust its activity and content, switch between different task rules and corresponding behavioral responses, maintain multiple concepts simultaneously and shift internal attention between them. The term cognitive flexibility is traditionally used to refer to one of the executive functions. In this sense, it can be seen as neural underpinnings of adaptive and flexible behavior.
Alcohol and cancerAlcohol causes cancers of the oesophagus, liver, breast, colon, oral cavity, rectum, pharynx, and larynx, and probably causes cancers of the pancreas. Consumption of alcohol in any quantity can cause cancer. The more alcohol is consumed, the higher the cancer risk, and no amount can be considered safe. Alcoholic beverages were classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1988. 3.6% of all cancer cases and 3.
Drinking cultureDrinking culture is the set of traditions and social behaviors that surround the consumption of alcoholic beverages as a recreational drug and social lubricant. Although alcoholic beverages and social attitudes toward drinking vary around the world, nearly every civilization has independently discovered the processes of brewing beer, fermenting wine and distilling spirits. Alcohol and its effects have been present in societies throughout history.
