Plasmonic metamaterialA plasmonic metamaterial is a metamaterial that uses surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature. Plasmons are produced from the interaction of light with metal-dielectric materials. Under specific conditions, the incident light couples with the surface plasmons to create self-sustaining, propagating electromagnetic waves known as surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Once launched, the SPPs ripple along the metal-dielectric interface. Compared with the incident light, the SPPs can be much shorter in wavelength.
Surface plasmon polaritonSurface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface, practically in the infrared or visible-frequency. The term "surface plasmon polariton" explains that the wave involves both charge motion in the metal ("surface plasmon") and electromagnetic waves in the air or dielectric ("polariton"). They are a type of surface wave, guided along the interface in much the same way that light can be guided by an optical fiber.
Tunable metamaterialA tunable metamaterial is a metamaterial with a variable response to an incident electromagnetic wave. This includes remotely controlling how an incident electromagnetic wave (EM wave) interacts with a metamaterial. This translates into the capability to determine whether the EM wave is transmitted, reflected, or absorbed. In general, the lattice structure of the tunable metamaterial is adjustable in real time, making it possible to reconfigure a metamaterial device during operation.
Diode électroluminescentethumb|Diodes de différentes couleurs.|alt= thumb|upright|Symbole de la diode électroluminescente.|alt= Une diode électroluminescente (abrégé en DEL en français, ou LED, de llight-emitting diode) est un dispositif opto-électronique capable d'émettre de la lumière lorsqu'il est parcouru par un courant électrique. Une diode électroluminescente ne laisse passer le courant électrique que dans un seul sens et produit un rayonnement monochromatique ou polychromatique non cohérent par conversion d'énergie électrique lorsqu'un courant la traverse.
Terahertz metamaterialA terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The terahertz frequency range used in materials research is usually defined as 0.1 to 10 THz. This bandwidth is also known as the terahertz gap because it is noticeably underutilized. This is because terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies higher than microwaves but lower than infrared radiation and visible light.
Plasmon de surfaceLe plasmon de surface est une onde électromagnétique guidée à la surface d’un métal. Elle se propage partiellement dans le métal (l’onde y pénètre à une profondeur de typiquement pour les métaux nobles). Le plasmon de surface étant un mode guidé, se propageant le long d’une interface plane, il ne peut pas être excité simplement par un faisceau de lumière incident. Il faut utiliser un coupleur (à prisme ou à réseau). Une des caractéristiques les plus importantes du plasmon de surface est que c’est un mode localisé à l’interface.
PlasmonDans un métal, un plasmon est une oscillation de plasma quantifiée, ou un quantum d'oscillation de plasma. Le plasmon est une quasiparticule résultant de la quantification de fréquence plasma, tout comme le photon et le phonon sont des quantifications de vibrations respectivement lumineuses et mécaniques. Ainsi, les plasmons sont des oscillations collectives d'un gaz d'électrons, par exemple à des fréquences optiques. Le couplage d'un plasmon et d'un photon crée une autre quasiparticule dite plasma polariton.
Metamaterial cloakingMetamaterial cloaking is the usage of metamaterials in an invisibility cloak. This is accomplished by manipulating the paths traversed by light through a novel optical material. Metamaterials direct and control the propagation and transmission of specified parts of the light spectrum and demonstrate the potential to render an object seemingly invisible. Metamaterial cloaking, based on transformation optics, describes the process of shielding something from view by controlling electromagnetic radiation.
Photonic metamaterialA photonic metamaterial (PM), also known as an optical metamaterial, is a type of electromagnetic metamaterial, that interacts with light, covering terahertz (THz), infrared (IR) or visible wavelengths. The materials employ a periodic, cellular structure. The subwavelength periodicity distinguishes photonic metamaterials from photonic band gap or photonic crystal structures. The cells are on a scale that is magnitudes larger than the atom, yet much smaller than the radiated wavelength, are on the order of nanometers.
Flexibility methodIn structural engineering, the flexibility method, also called the method of consistent deformations, is the traditional method for computing member forces and displacements in structural systems. Its modern version formulated in terms of the members' flexibility matrices also has the name the matrix force method due to its use of member forces as the primary unknowns. Flexibility is the inverse of stiffness. For example, consider a spring that has Q and q as, respectively, its force and deformation: The spring stiffness relation is Q = k q where k is the spring stiffness.
