Biogazolevignette|alt=Expérimentation d'utilisation du B100 sur une rame Régiolis sur la ligne Paris-Granville|Expérimentation d'utilisation du B100 sur une rame Régiolis sur la ligne Paris-Granville. vignette|Un autobus biodiesel à Montréal. vignette|Les anciennes Mercedes à moteur Diesel sont populaires pour rouler au biodiesel. vignette|Dans certains pays, le biodiesel est moins cher que le diesel conventionnel. Le biogazole, biodiesel (ou biodiésel) ou même biocarburant ou agrocarburant est une énergie renouvelable, utilisée comme alternative au carburant pour moteur Diesel classique : gazole ou pétrodiesel.
BiocarburantUn biocarburant est un carburant (combustible liquide ou gazeux) produit à partir de matériaux organiques non fossiles, provenant de la biomasse (c'est le sens du préfixe « bio » dans biocarburant) et qui vient en complément ou en substitution du combustible fossile. Ceux qui sont produits par la filière agricole sont désignés sous le vocable d'agrocarburant.
SojaLe soja, nommé soya au Canada (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), est une espèce de plante annuelle de la famille des légumineuses (Fabaceae), originaire d'Asie orientale. Le soja cultivé Glycine max a accumulé une diversité génétique prodigieuse depuis sa domestication. Il en existe de nombreuses variétés, se différenciant notamment par le port, la couleur des graines, la période de floraison. Les fruits sont des gousses velues, contenant en général 2 à 4 graines, comestibles après trempage et cuisson.
Greenhouse gas emissionsGreenhouse gas emissions (abbreviated as GHG emissions) from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Carbon dioxide (), from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is one of the most important factors in causing climate change. The largest emitters are China followed by the US, although the United States has higher emissions per capita. The main producers fueling the emissions globally are large oil and gas companies.
Issues relating to biofuelsThere are various social, economic, environmental and technical issues with biofuel production and use, which have been discussed in the popular media and scientific journals. These include: the effect of moderating oil prices, the "food vs fuel" debate, poverty reduction potential, carbon emissions levels, sustainable biofuel production, deforestation and soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, effect on water resources, the possible modifications necessary to run the engine on biofuel, as well as energy balance and efficiency.
Greenhouse gas inventoryGreenhouse gas inventories are emission inventories of greenhouse gas emissions that are developed for a variety of reasons. Scientists use inventories of natural and anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions as tools when developing atmospheric models. Policy makers use inventories to develop strategies and policies for emissions reductions and to track the progress of those policies. Regulatory agencies and corporations also rely on inventories to establish compliance records with allowable emission rates.
Sustainable biofuelSustainable biofuel is biofuel produced in a sustainable manner. It is not based on petroleum or other fossil fuels. It includes not using plants that are used for food stuff to produce the fuel thus disrupting the world's food supply. Low-carbon fuel standard In 2008, the Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels released its proposed standards for sustainable biofuels. This includes 12 principles: "Biofuel production shall follow international treaties and national laws regarding such things as air quality, water resources, agricultural practices, labor conditions, and more.
Indirect land use change impacts of biofuelsThe indirect land use change impacts of biofuels, also known as ILUC or iLUC (pronounced as i-luck), relates to the unintended consequence of releasing more carbon emissions due to land-use changes around the world induced by the expansion of croplands for ethanol or biodiesel production in response to the increased global demand for biofuels. As farmers worldwide respond to higher crop prices in order to maintain the global food supply-and-demand balance, pristine lands are cleared to replace the food crops that were diverted elsewhere to biofuels' production.
Biofuel in SwedenBiofuels are renewable fuels that are produced by living organisms (biomass). Biofuels can be solid, gaseous or liquid, which comes in two forms: ethanol and biodiesel and often replace fossil fuels. Many countries now use biofuels as energy sources, including Sweden. Sweden has one of the highest usages of biofuel in all of Europe, at 32%, primarily due to the widespread commitment to E85, bioheating and bioelectricity.
Marché du carbonevignette|Tableau (comparatif) des prix relatifs aux émissions de carbone dans les différentes régions du monde. Un marché du carbone est un système d'échange de droits d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre, de crédits carbone et de quotas carbone. Selon le rapport 2020 de l'« International Carbon Action Partnership », 21 marchés du carbone ont été mis en place et 24 autres sont en cours de développement ou en projet. Le marché du carbone n'est qu'une des options permettant de donner un prix au carbone.