PreschoolA preschool, also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, play school or creche, is an educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary school. It may be publicly or privately operated, and may be subsidized from public funds. Terminology varies by country. In some European countries the term "kindergarten" refers to formal education of children classified as ISCED level 0 – with one or several years of such education being compulsory – before children start primary school at ISCED level 1.
Early childhood educationEarly childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight. Traditionally, this is up to the equivalent of third grade. ECE is described as an important period in child development. ECE emerged as a field of study during the Enlightenment, particularly in European countries with high literacy rates. It continued to grow through the nineteenth century as universal primary education became a norm in the Western world.
Épuisement émotionnelEmotional exhaustion is symptom of burnout, a chronic state of physical and emotional depletion that results from excessive work or personal demands, or continuous stress. It describes a feeling of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one's work. It is manifested by both physical fatigue and a sense of feeling psychologically and emotionally "drained". There are various ways in which burnout can occur such as: impacting an individual's physical, emotional, and behavioral aspects.
School of educationIn the United States and Canada, a school of education (or college of education; ed school) is a division within a university that is devoted to scholarship in the field of education, which is an interdisciplinary branch of the social sciences encompassing sociology, psychology, linguistics, economics, political science, public policy, history, and others, all applied to the topic of elementary, secondary, and post-secondary education. The U.S. has 1,206 schools, colleges and departments of education and they exist in 78 per cent of all universities and colleges.
Emotions and cultureAccording to some theories, emotions are universal phenomena, albeit affected by culture. Emotions are "internal phenomena that can, but do not always, make themselves observable through expression and behavior". While some emotions are universal and are experienced in similar ways as a reaction to similar events across all cultures, other emotions show considerable cultural differences in their antecedent events, the way they are experienced, the reactions they provoke and the way they are perceived by the surrounding society.
Emotion and memoryEmotion can have a powerful effect on humans and animals. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events. The activity of emotionally enhanced memory retention can be linked to human evolution; during early development, responsive behavior to environmental events would have progressed as a process of trial and error.
Intelligencevignette|Le Penseur, sculpture d'Auguste Rodin, représente un homme en pleine réflexion. L'intelligence est l'ensemble des processus trouvés dans des systèmes, plus ou moins complexes, vivants ou non, qui permettent d'apprendre, de comprendre ou de s'adapter à des situations nouvelles. La définition de l'intelligence ainsi que la question d'une faculté d'intelligence générale ont fait l'objet de nombreuses discussions philosophiques et scientifiques.
Discrete emotion theoryDiscrete emotion theory is the claim that there is a small number of core emotions. For example, Silvan Tomkins (1962, 1963) concluded that there are nine basic affects which correspond with what we come to know as emotions: interest, enjoyment, surprise, distress, fear, anger, shame, dissmell (reaction to bad smell) and disgust. More recently, Carroll Izard at the University of Delaware factor analytically delineated 12 discrete emotions labeled: Interest, Joy, Surprise, Sadness, Anger, Disgust, Contempt, Self-Hostility, Fear, Shame, Shyness, and Guilt (as measured via his Differential Emotions Scale or DES-IV).
Enseignement professionnelvignette|Enseignant d’informatique en situation de démonstration des composants de l’unité centrale d’un ordinateur au lycée professionnel de Ferké (Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire). L'enseignement professionnel est un enseignement technique secondaire ou supérieur, en formation initiale ou par alternance, en relation avec le monde de l'entreprise qui permet d'acquérir des connaissances et des compétences dans un domaine professionnel, alors que l’enseignement général est plus académique.
Régulation émotionnelleLa régulation émotionnelle (ou contrôle émotionnel) est la capacité à agir sur ses propres émotions. C'est un processus psychologique complexe qui recouvre à la fois la capacité à déclencher, inhiber, maintenir ou moduler ses propres affects au sens large, ce qui inclut : les sentiments subjectifs liés aux émotions ; certains processus cognitifs (par exemple, un souvenir post-traumatique) ; certains processus physiologiques (par exemple, le rythme cardiaque) et certains comportements (par exemple, le rire).
