Masse négativeEn physique théorique, la masse négative est un concept hypothétique postulant l'existence de masse de « charge » négative, tout comme il existe des charges électriques positives et négatives. Cette masse négative aurait des propriétés gravitationnelle et inertielle différentes, mais possiblement symétriques, de la masse « normale » qui est conventionnellement positive. NB : Il ne faut pas confondre la masse négative avec l'antimatière, qui a une masse normale positive comme la matière ordinaire.
Damping factorIn an audio system, the damping factor gives the ratio of the rated impedance of the loudspeaker (usually assumed to be 8Ω) to the source impedance of the power amplifier. Only the magnitude of the loudspeaker impedance is used, and the power amplifier output impedance is assumed to be totally resistive. In typical solid state and tube amplifiers, the damping factor varies as a function of frequency. In solid state amplifiers, the damping factor usually has a maximum value at low frequencies, and it reduces progressively at higher frequencies.
Negative energyNegative energy is a concept used in physics to explain the nature of certain fields, including the gravitational field and various quantum field effects. Gravitational energy Gravitational energy, or gravitational potential energy, is the potential energy a massive object has because it is within a gravitational field. In classical mechanics, two or more masses always have a gravitational potential. Conservation of energy requires that this gravitational field energy is always negative, so that it is zero when the objects are infinitely far apart.
Acoustic theoryAcoustic theory is a scientific field that relates to the description of sound waves. It derives from fluid dynamics. See acoustics for the engineering approach. For sound waves of any magnitude of a disturbance in velocity, pressure, and density we have In the case that the fluctuations in velocity, density, and pressure are small, we can approximate these as Where is the perturbed velocity of the fluid, is the pressure of the fluid at rest, is the perturbed pressure of the system as a function of space and time, is the density of the fluid at rest, and is the variance in the density of the fluid over space and time.
Load factor (electrical)In electrical engineering the load factor is defined as the average load divided by the peak load in a specified time period. It is a measure of the utilization rate, or efficiency of electrical energy usage; a high load factor indicates that load is using the electric system more efficiently, whereas consumers or generators that underutilize the electric distribution will have a low load factor. An example, using a large commercial electrical bill: peak demand = 436kW use = 57200kWh number of days in billing cycle = 30day Hence: load factor = ( [ 57200kWh / {30day × 24h/d} ] / 436kW ) × 100% = 18.
Émetteur à arcL'émetteur à arc, aussi appelé convertisseur à arc ou arc de Poulsen, selon le nom de son inventeur Valdemar Poulsen, est utilisé pour convertir du courant continu en énergie radioélectrique. Cet appareil est inscrit à la liste des évènements importants de l'IEEE (Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers, Institut du génie électronique et électrique américain). L'ingénieur et électrophysicien britannique William Duddell a réalisé un circuit résonnant en utilisant une lampe à arc au carbone qui oscille aux fréquences audio, ce qui lui valut le surnom d'« arc chantant ».
