Isolation thermique du bâtimentL'Isolation thermique du bâtiment est le processus de mise en œuvre de l'isolation thermique de l'enveloppe de tout ou partie d'un bâtiment, par l'intérieur ou l'extérieur. Les bâtiments (notamment les habitations mal isolées, dites « passoires thermiques ») sont la source d'un important gaspillage énergétique et d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre notables. Dans un nombre croissant de pays, des mesures visent à inciter à mieux isoler ces logements, ainsi que les bâtiments publics et tertiaires, ce qui contribue à diminuer la précarité énergétique et à améliorer la justice climatique.
Passive ventilationPassive ventilation is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using mechanical systems. It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure differences arising from natural forces. There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: wind driven ventilation and buoyancy-driven ventilation. Wind driven ventilation arises from the different pressures created by wind around a building or structure, and openings being formed on the perimeter which then permit flow through the building.
Surface weather analysisSurface weather analysis is a special type of weather map that provides a view of weather elements over a geographical area at a specified time based on information from ground-based weather stations. Weather maps are created by plotting or tracing the values of relevant quantities such as sea level pressure, temperature, and cloud cover onto a geographical map to help find synoptic scale features such as weather fronts. The first weather maps in the 19th century were drawn well after the fact to help devise a theory on storm systems.
Assimilation de donnéesEn météorologie, l'assimilation de données est le procédé qui consiste à corriger, à l'aide d'observations, l'état de l'atmosphère d'une prévision météorologique. La prévision numérique de l'évolution de l'atmosphère dépend grandement des conditions initiales qui lui sont fournies. Or il est difficile de déterminer, à un instant donné, l'état de l'atmosphère, c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des variables atmosphériques (pression, température, humidité, etc.) sur l’ensemble du volume, avec une bonne résolution et une bonne précision.
WeatherizationWeatherization (American English) or weatherproofing (British English) is the practice of protecting a building and its interior from the elements, particularly from sunlight, precipitation, and wind, and of modifying a building to reduce energy consumption and optimize energy efficiency. Weatherization is distinct from building insulation, although building insulation requires weatherization for proper functioning. Many types of insulation can be thought of as weatherization, because they block drafts or protect from cold winds.
Bâtiment (construction)Un bâtiment au sens commun est une construction immobilière, réalisée par intervention humaine, destinée d'une part à servir d'abri, c'est-à-dire à protéger des intempéries des personnes, des biens et des activités, d'autre part à manifester leur permanence comme fonction sociale, politique ou culturelle. Un bâtiment est un ouvrage d'un seul tenant composé de corps de bâtiments couvrant des espaces habitables lorsqu'il est d'une taille importante.
Economic analysis of climate changeThe economic analysis of climate change explains how economic thinking, tools and techniques are applied to calculate the magnitude and distribution of damage caused by climate change. It also informs the policies and approaches for mitigation and adaptation to climate change from global to household scales. This topic is also inclusive of alternative economic approaches, including ecological economics and degrowth. Economic analysis of climate change is considered challenging as it is a long-term problem and has substantial distributional issues within and across countries.
Passive daytime radiative coolingPassive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) is a renewable cooling method proposed as a solution to global warming of enhancing terrestrial heat flow to outer space through the installation of thermally-emissive surfaces on Earth that require zero energy consumption or pollution. Because all materials in nature absorb more heat during the day than at night, PDRC surfaces are designed to be high in solar reflectance (to minimize heat gain) and strong in longwave infrared (LWIR) thermal radiation heat transfer through the atmosphere's infrared window (8–13 μm) to cool temperatures during the daytime.
Adaptation au changement climatiqueL’adaptation au changement climatique est l'ensemble des stratégies, initiatives et mesures visant à réduire la vulnérabilité des systèmes naturels et humains contre les effets (présents et attendus) du réchauffement climatique. Le mot adaptation évoque une aptitude à s'ajuster, et donc une vision dynamique voire évolutive du fonctionnement des sociétés. vignette|upright=1.
Performance engineeringPerformance engineering encompasses the techniques applied during a systems development life cycle to ensure the non-functional requirements for performance (such as throughput, latency, or memory usage) will be met. It may be alternatively referred to as systems performance engineering within systems engineering, and software performance engineering or application performance engineering within software engineering.
