Gamma secretaseGamma secretase is a multi-subunit protease complex, itself an integral membrane protein, that cleaves single-pass transmembrane proteins at residues within the transmembrane domain. Proteases of this type are known as intramembrane proteases. The most well-known substrate of gamma secretase is amyloid precursor protein, a large integral membrane protein that, when cleaved by both gamma and beta secretase, produces a short 37-43 amino acid peptide called amyloid beta whose abnormally folded fibrillar form is the primary component of amyloid plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.
Mémoire (psychologie)thumb|350px|Les formes et fonctions de la mémoire en sciences. En psychologie, la mémoire est la faculté de l'esprit d'enregistrer, conserver et rappeler les expériences passées. Son investigation est réalisée par différentes disciplines : psychologie cognitive, neuropsychologie, et psychanalyse. thumb|Pyramide des cinq systèmes de mémoire. Le courant cognitiviste classique regroupe habituellement sous le terme de mémoire les processus dencodage, de stockage et de récupération des représentations mentales.
G2 phaseDISPLAYTITLE:G2 phase G2 phase, Gap 2 phase, or Growth 2 phase, is the third subphase of interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis. It follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell’s DNA is replicated. G2 phase ends with the onset of prophase, the first phase of mitosis in which the cell’s chromatin condenses into chromosomes. G2 phase is a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.
Mus musculusLa Souris grise (Mus musculus ou, avec le sous-genre, Mus (Mus) musculus) est un animal , d'une espèce parmi les petits rongeurs de la famille des muridés. En français elle est appelée aussi Souris domestique, Souris commune. On désigne aussi plus simplement cette espèce très répandue par le nom vernaculaire générique, souris. C'est un animal nocturne, généralement assez craintif, qui vit souvent à proximité ou dans les habitations humaines, d'où son appellation « » (mot dérivé du latin domus, la maison) comme pour la mouche domestique.
Memory errorMemory gaps and errors refer to the incorrect recall, or complete loss, of information in the memory system for a specific detail and/or event. Memory errors may include remembering events that never occurred, or remembering them differently from the way they actually happened. These errors or gaps can occur due to a number of different reasons, including the emotional involvement in the situation, expectations and environmental changes.
Memory and agingAge-related memory loss, sometimes described as "normal aging" (also spelled "ageing" in British English), is qualitatively different from memory loss associated with types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, and is believed to have a different brain mechanism. Mild cognitive impairment Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a condition in which people face memory problems more often than that of the average person their age. These symptoms, however, do not prevent them from carrying out normal activities and are not as severe as the symptoms for Alzheimer's disease (AD).
AmnésieL' (du grec ἀμνησία, amnesia) est une perte partielle ou totale de la mémoire. C'est un état pathologique qui peut être permanent ou transitoire, congénital ou acquis. Il peut être d'origine : organique : résultant de lésions cérébrales comme une tumeur, le syndrome de Korsakoff, un traumatisme crânien, un épisode anoxique ou ischémique, une maladie neurologique, l'absorption de certains produits ou médicaments (type drogues de soumission) ; fonctionnelle : troubles psychologiques comme le stress post-traumatique, une maladie psychiatrique ; préservatrice : d'après la psychanalyse, c'est un mécanisme de défense contre l'anxiété ou l'angoisse de souvenirs douloureux.
Cell cycle checkpointCell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. Each checkpoint serves as a potential termination point along the cell cycle, during which the conditions of the cell are assessed, with progression through the various phases of the cell cycle occurring only when favorable conditions are met. There are many checkpoints in the cell cycle, but the three major ones are: the G1 checkpoint, also known as the Start or restriction checkpoint or Major Checkpoint; the G2/M checkpoint; and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, also known as the spindle checkpoint.
Organisme modèleUn organisme modèle est une espèce qui est étudiée de manière approfondie pour comprendre un phénomène biologique particulier, en supposant que les résultats de ces expériences seront partiellement valables pour la connaissance d'autres organismes. Cela est possible parce que les principes biologiques fondamentaux comme les voies métaboliques, régulatoires, et développementales, et les gènes qui déterminent ces processus, sont proches de ceux observés dans des cellules humaines, qui sont souvent plus difficiles à manipuler.
Restriction pointThe restriction point (R), also known as the Start or G1/S checkpoint, is a cell cycle checkpoint in the G1 phase of the animal cell cycle at which the cell becomes "committed" to the cell cycle, and after which extracellular signals are no longer required to stimulate proliferation. The defining biochemical feature of the restriction point is the activation of G1/S- and S-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which in turn phosphorylate proteins that initiate DNA replication, centrosome duplication, and other early cell cycle events.
