Tension de cycleEn chimie organique, la tension de cycle ou contrainte cyclique désigne la déstabilisation d'une molécule cyclique, telle un cycloalcane, causée par l'orientation spatiale des atomes qui la composent. Cette tension provient d'une combinaison (1) de contrainte d'angle, (2) de contrainte de torsion (ou tension de Pitzer) et (3) de la tension trans-annulaire (ou contrainte de van der Waals).
Finite strain theoryIn continuum mechanics, the finite strain theory—also called large strain theory, or large deformation theory—deals with deformations in which strains and/or rotations are large enough to invalidate assumptions inherent in infinitesimal strain theory. In this case, the undeformed and deformed configurations of the continuum are significantly different, requiring a clear distinction between them. This is commonly the case with elastomers, plastically-deforming materials and other fluids and biological soft tissue.
Vitesse de déformationEn mécanique des milieux continus, on considère la déformation d'un élément de matière au sein d'une pièce. On s'attache donc à décrire ce qui se passe localement et non pas d'un point de vue global, et à utiliser des paramètres indépendants de la forme de la pièce. La vitesse de déformation que l'on considère est donc la dérivée par rapport au temps de la déformation ε ; on la note donc (« epsilon point ») : Elle s'exprime en s−1, parfois en %/s. C'est un des paramètres capitaux en rhéologie.
Solid solution strengtheningIn metallurgy, solid solution strengthening is a type of alloying that can be used to improve the strength of a pure metal. The technique works by adding atoms of one element (the alloying element) to the crystalline lattice of another element (the base metal), forming a solid solution. The local nonuniformity in the lattice due to the alloying element makes plastic deformation more difficult by impeding dislocation motion through stress fields. In contrast, alloying beyond the solubility limit can form a second phase, leading to strengthening via other mechanisms (e.
Crystalline siliconCrystalline silicon or (c-Si) Is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si, consisting of small crystals), or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si, a continuous crystal). Crystalline silicon is the dominant semiconducting material used in photovoltaic technology for the production of solar cells. These cells are assembled into solar panels as part of a photovoltaic system to generate solar power from sunlight. In electronics, crystalline silicon is typically the monocrystalline form of silicon, and is used for producing microchips.
Silicon nanowireSilicon nanowires, also referred to as SiNWs, are a type of semiconductor nanowire most often formed from a silicon precursor by etching of a solid or through catalyzed growth from a vapor or liquid phase. Such nanowires have promising applications in lithium ion batteries, thermoelectrics and sensors. Initial synthesis of SiNWs is often accompanied by thermal oxidation steps to yield structures of accurately tailored size and morphology. SiNWs have unique properties that are not seen in bulk (three-dimensional) silicon materials.
Prelog strainIn organic chemistry, transannular strain (also called Prelog strain after chemist Vladimir Prelog) is the unfavorable interactions of ring substituents on non-adjacent carbons. These interactions, called transannular interactions, arise from a lack of space in the interior of the ring, which forces substituents into conflict with one another. In medium-sized cycloalkanes, which have between 8 and 11 carbons constituting the ring, transannular strain can be a major source of the overall strain, especially in some conformations, to which there is also contribution from large-angle strain and Pitzer strain.
Consolidation informatiqueLa consolidation est en informatique le regroupement cohérent de données. Elle concerne généralement des données organisées logiquement ou liées entre elles. Plus spécifiquement pour les tableurs, il s’agit du regroupement de plusieurs tableaux issus de feuilles différentes (les feuilles sont des composantes des tableurs) voire de classeurs différents. La consolidation de données consiste à rassembler plusieurs données semblables afin d’obtenir un rapport plus facile à consulter que l’information brute présente sur le serveur, avec le moins de perte d’information possible.
Cristal liquideUn cristal liquide est un état de la matière qui combine des propriétés d'un liquide ordinaire et celles d'un solide cristallisé. On exprime son état par le terme de « mésophase » ou « état mésomorphe » (du grec « de forme intermédiaire »). La nature de la mésophase diffère suivant la nature et la structure du mésogène, molécule à l'origine de la mésophase, ainsi que des conditions de température, de pression et de concentration. thumb|Rudolf Virchow.
Semantic integrationSemantic integration is the process of interrelating information from diverse sources, for example calendars and to do lists, email archives, presence information (physical, psychological, and social), documents of all sorts, contacts (including social graphs), search results, and advertising and marketing relevance derived from them. In this regard, semantics focuses on the organization of and action upon information by acting as an intermediary between heterogeneous data sources, which may conflict not only by structure but also context or value.
