Database schemaThe database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term "schema" refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases). The formal definition of a database schema is a set of formulas (sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database. These integrity constraints ensure compatibility between parts of the schema.
Schema matchingThe terms schema matching and mapping are often used interchangeably for a database process. For this article, we differentiate the two as follows: schema matching is the process of identifying that two objects are semantically related (scope of this article) while mapping refers to the transformations between the objects. For example, in the two schemas DB1.Student (Name, SSN, Level, Major, Marks) and DB2.Grad-Student (Name, ID, Major, Grades); possible matches would be: DB1.Student ≈ DB2.Grad-Student; DB1.
Physical schemaA physical data model (or database design) is a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management system. In the lifecycle of a project it typically derives from a logical data model, though it may be reverse-engineered from a given database implementation. A complete physical data model will include all the database artifacts required to create relationships between tables or to achieve performance goals, such as indexes, constraint definitions, linking tables, partitioned tables or clusters.
Qualité des donnéesLa qualité des données, en informatique se réfère à la conformité des données aux usages prévus, dans les modes opératoires, les processus, les prises de décision, et la planification (J.M. Juran). De même, les données sont jugées de grande qualité si elles représentent correctement la réalité à laquelle elles se réfèrent. Ces deux points de vue peuvent souvent entrer en contradiction, y compris lorsqu'un même ensemble de données est utilisé avec un objectif commun.
Quality (business)In business, engineering, and manufacturing, quality – or high quality – has a pragmatic interpretation as the non-inferiority or superiority of something (goods or services); it is also defined as being suitable for the intended purpose (fitness for purpose) while satisfying customer expectations. Quality is a perceptual, conditional, and somewhat subjective attribute and may be understood differently by different people. Consumers may focus on the specification quality of a product/service, or how it compares to competitors in the marketplace.
Intégrité (cryptographie)De manière générale, l'intégrité des données désigne l'état de données qui, lors de leur traitement, de leur conservation ou de leur transmission, ne subissent aucune altération ou destruction volontaire ou accidentelle, et conservent un format permettant leur utilisation. L'intégrité des données comprend quatre éléments : l'intégralité, la précision, l'exactitude/authenticité et la validité. L'intégrité est l'une des exigences de base de la sécurité informatique, de la gestion documentaire et de l'archivistique.
Federated database systemA federated database system (FDBS) is a type of meta-database management system (DBMS), which transparently maps multiple autonomous database systems into a single federated database. The constituent databases are interconnected via a computer network and may be geographically decentralized. Since the constituent database systems remain autonomous, a federated database system is a contrastable alternative to the (sometimes daunting) task of merging several disparate databases.
Data transformation (computing)In computing, data transformation is the process of converting data from one format or structure into another format or structure. It is a fundamental aspect of most data integration and data management tasks such as data wrangling, data warehousing, data integration and application integration. Data transformation can be simple or complex based on the required changes to the data between the source (initial) data and the target (final) data. Data transformation is typically performed via a mixture of manual and automated steps.
Database designDatabase design is the organization of data according to a database model. The designer determines what data must be stored and how the data elements interrelate. With this information, they can begin to fit the data to the database model. A database management system manages the data accordingly. Database design involves classifying data and identifying interrelationships. This theoretical representation of the data is called an ontology. The ontology is the theory behind the database's design.
Gestion des données de référenceLa gestion des données de référence ou gestion des données maîtres (GDR, plus connue sous le vocable anglais de master data management ou MDM) est une branche des technologies de l'information qui définit un ensemble de concepts et de processus visant à définir, stocker, maintenir, distribuer et imposer une vue complète, fiable et à jour des données référentielles au sein d’un système d’information, indépendamment des canaux de communications, du secteur d'activité ou des subdivisions métiers ou géographiqu
