Scissure longitudinaleThe longitudinal fissure (or cerebral fissure, great longitudinal fissure, median longitudinal fissure, interhemispheric fissure) is the deep groove that separates the two cerebral hemispheres of the vertebrate brain. Lying within it is a continuation of the dura mater (one of the meninges) called the falx cerebri. The inner surfaces of the two hemispheres are convoluted by gyri and sulci just as is the outer surface of the brain.
Brodmann area 32The Brodmann area 32, also known in the human brain as the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate cortex. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The cingulate sulcus defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus (H) its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the frontal lobe.
Motor systemThe motor system is the set of central and peripheral structures in the nervous system that support motor functions, i.e. movement. Peripheral structures may include skeletal muscles and neural connections with muscle tissues. Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system including the upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, and the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord. The motor system is a biological system with close ties to the muscular system and the circulatory system.
Corps calleuxLe corps calleux (ou corpus callosum) est une commissure (moyen d'union entre deux parties) transversale du cerveau présente chez les mammifères placentaires. C’est un faisceau d'axones (fibre nerveuse qui correspond au prolongement long, mince et cylindrique du corps cellulaire d'un neurone) interconnectant les deux hémisphères cérébraux. C'est la plus importante commissure du cerveau, car elle relie les six lobes du cerveau entre eux (lobes frontaux, temporaux, pariétaux et occipitaux gauche et droit).
Brushed DC electric motorA brushed DC electric motor is an internally commutated electric motor designed to be run from a direct current power source and utilizing an electric brush for contact. Brushed motors were the first commercially important application of electric power to driving mechanical energy, and DC distribution systems were used for more than 100 years to operate motors in commercial and industrial buildings. Brushed DC motors can be varied in speed by changing the operating voltage or the strength of the magnetic field.
DC motorA DC motor is an electrical motor that uses direct current (DC) to produce mechanical force. The most common types rely on magnetic forces produced by currents in the coils. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current in part of the motor. DC motors were the first form of motors widely used, as they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems.
Guidage axonalLe guidage axonal est une branche du neurodéveloppement. Elle étudie comment les axones parviennent à trouver leurs cellules cibles notamment grâce aux cônes de croissance. Le principe élémentaire du guidage axonal repose sur la chemoattraction et la chemorepulsion : Le cône de croissance est attiré par des molécules présentes dans le milieu extracellulaire et sécrétées par les cellules de sa zone de destination (ex: des facteurs de croissance).
Alpha motor neuronAlpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic nervous system—a branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—because their axons extend into the periphery to innervate skeletal muscles.
Imagerie par résonance magnétiqueL'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) est une technique d' permettant d'obtenir des vues en deux ou en trois dimensions de l'intérieur du corps de façon non invasive avec une résolution en contraste relativement élevée. L'IRM repose sur le principe de la résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) qui utilise les propriétés quantiques des noyaux atomiques pour la spectroscopie en analyse chimique. L'IRM nécessite un champ magnétique puissant et stable produit par un aimant supraconducteur qui crée une magnétisation des tissus par alignement des moments magnétiques de spin.
Contralateral brainThe contralateral organization of the forebrain (Latin: contra‚ against; latus‚ side; lateral‚ sided) is the property that the hemispheres of the cerebrum and the thalamus represent mainly the contralateral side of the body. Consequently, the left side of the forebrain mostly represents the right side of the body, and the right side of the brain primarily represents the left side of the body. The contralateral organization involves both executive and sensory functions (e.g., a left-sided brain lesion may cause a right-sided hemiplegia).
