Corona radiataThe corona radiata is the innermost layer of the cells of the cumulus oophorus and is directly adjacent to the zona pellucida, the inner protective glycoprotein layer of the ovum. Cumulus oophorus are the cells surrounding corona radiata, and are the cells between corona radiata and follicular antrum. Its main purpose in many animals is to supply vital proteins to the cell. It is formed by follicle cells adhering to the oocyte before it leaves the ovarian follicle, and originates from the squamous granulosa cells present at the primordial stage of follicular development.
Estrogen receptor alphaEstrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor (mainly found as a chromatin-binding protein) that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. In humans, ERα is encoded by the gene ESR1 (EStrogen Receptor 1). The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-activated transcription factor composed of several domains important for hormone binding, DNA binding, and activation of transcription.
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapyBioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), also known as bioidentical hormone therapy (BHT) or natural hormone therapy, is the use of hormones that are identical on a molecular level with endogenous hormones in hormone replacement therapy. It may also be combined with blood and saliva testing of hormone levels, and the use of pharmacy compounding to obtain hormones in an effort to reach a targeted level of hormones in the body. A number of claims by some proponents of BHT have not been confirmed through scientific testing.
Hormone chorionique gonadotrope humaineL'hormone chorionique gonadotrope humaine, encore appelée gonadotropine humaine ou hCG (de l'human chorionic gonadotropin) est une hormone glycoprotéique produite au cours de la grossesse de la femme, fabriquée par l'embryon peu de temps après la conception et plus tard par le trophoblaste (un tissu du placenta). Il n'existe des gonadotropines chorioniques que chez les primates (chez l'espèce humaine, il s'agit de l'hCG) et chez les équidés (chez la jument, il s'agit de la gonadotrophine chorionique équine – ou eCG pour equine chorionic gonadotropin, autrefois dénommée PMSG pour Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin).
PubertéLa puberté est une étape du développement qui est atteinte lorsque les organes de la reproduction sont fonctionnels. Chez l'humain, elle désigne la transition de l'enfance à l'adulte. Elle se signale notamment par une croissance rapide due aux hormones de croissance et le développement des caractères sexuels primaires et secondaires dû aux hormones sexuelles, avec de notables changements comportementaux notamment un besoin accru de sommeil lié à un décalage de libération de la mélatonine.
Steroidogenesis inhibitorA steroidogenesis inhibitor, also known as a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, is a type of drug which inhibits one or more of the enzymes that are involved in the process of steroidogenesis, the biosynthesis of endogenous steroids and steroid hormones. They may inhibit the production of cholesterol and other sterols, sex steroids such as androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, corticosteroids such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, and neurosteroids.
Trouble dysphorique prémenstruelLe trouble dysphorique prémenstruel (TDPM) est un syndrome caractérisé par des symptômes émotionnels, cognitifs et physiques qui provoquent une détresse ou une altération importante chez les personnes ayant des menstruations pendant la phase lutéale du cycle menstruel. Les symptômes surviennent pendant la phase lutéale (entre l'ovulation et les règles), s'améliorent quelques jours après le début des règles et sont minimes ou absents dans la semaine qui suit les règles.
Estradiol (medication)Estradiol (E2) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is an estrogen and is used mainly in menopausal hormone therapy and to treat low sex hormone levels in women. It is also used in hormonal birth control for women, in hormone therapy for transgender women, and in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers like prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, among other uses.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonistA gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) is a type of medication which affects gonadotropins and sex hormones. They are used for a variety of indications including in fertility medicine and to lower sex hormone levels in the treatment of hormone-sensitive cancers such as prostate cancer and breast cancer, certain gynecological disorders like heavy periods and endometriosis, high testosterone levels in women, early puberty in children, as a part of transgender hormone therapy, and to delay puberty in transgender youth among other uses.
Fertility testingFertility testing is the process by which fertility is assessed, both generally and also to find the "fertile window" in the menstrual cycle. General health affects fertility, and STI testing is an important related field. Healthy women are fertile from puberty until menopause, although fertility is typically much reduced towards the extremes of this period. The onset of puberty is typically identified by menarche and the presence of secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, the appearance of pubic hair and changes to body fat distribution.
