Error correction codeIn computing, telecommunication, information theory, and coding theory, forward error correction (FEC) or channel coding is a technique used for controlling errors in data transmission over unreliable or noisy communication channels. The central idea is that the sender encodes the message in a redundant way, most often by using an error correction code or error correcting code (ECC). The redundancy allows the receiver not only to detect errors that may occur anywhere in the message, but often to correct a limited number of errors.
3D rotation groupIn mechanics and geometry, the 3D rotation group, often denoted SO(3), is the group of all rotations about the origin of three-dimensional Euclidean space under the operation of composition. By definition, a rotation about the origin is a transformation that preserves the origin, Euclidean distance (so it is an isometry), and orientation (i.e., handedness of space). Composing two rotations results in another rotation, every rotation has a unique inverse rotation, and the identity map satisfies the definition of a rotation.
Data scrubbingData scrubbing is an error correction technique that uses a background task to periodically inspect main memory or storage for errors, then corrects detected errors using redundant data in the form of different checksums or copies of data. Data scrubbing reduces the likelihood that single correctable errors will accumulate, leading to reduced risks of uncorrectable errors. Data integrity is a high-priority concern in writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing of the computer data in computer operating systems and in computer storage and data transmission systems.
Submersion (mathématiques)En topologie différentielle – une branche des mathématiques –, une submersion ou application submersive entre deux variétés différentielles est une application différentiable dont la différentielle en tout point est surjective. Soient V et W deux variétés différentielles, f une application différentiable de V dans W et x un point de V. On dit que f est une submersion au point x si l'application linéaire tangente Tf(x) est surjective, autrement dit (W étant supposée de dimension finie) : si le rang de Tf(x) est égal à la dimension de W.
