Numerical linear algebraNumerical linear algebra, sometimes called applied linear algebra, is the study of how matrix operations can be used to create computer algorithms which efficiently and accurately provide approximate answers to questions in continuous mathematics. It is a subfield of numerical analysis, and a type of linear algebra. Computers use floating-point arithmetic and cannot exactly represent irrational data, so when a computer algorithm is applied to a matrix of data, it can sometimes increase the difference between a number stored in the computer and the true number that it is an approximation of.
Dérivée logarithmiqueEn mathématiques et plus particulièrement en analyse et en analyse complexe, la dérivée logarithmique d'une fonction f dérivable ne s'annulant pas est la fonction : où f est la dérivée de f. Lorsque la fonction f est à valeurs réelles strictement positives, la dérivée logarithmique coïncide avec la dérivée de la composée de f par la fonction logarithme ln, comme le montre la formule de la dérivée d'une composée de fonctions.
Theoretical definitionA theoretical definition defines a term in an academic discipline, functioning as a proposal to see a phenomenon in a certain way. A theoretical definition is a proposed way of thinking about potentially related events. Theoretical definitions contain built-in theories; they cannot be simply reduced to describing a set of observations. The definition may contain implicit inductions and deductive consequences that are part of the theory. A theoretical definition of a term can change, over time, based on the methods in the field that created it.
Définition des planètesvignette|Photographie de la planète Neptune (en grand) et de sa lune Triton (en petit), prise par Voyager 2 lors de sa sortie de la partie planétaire du Système solaire. Depuis sa création afin de décrire les « étoiles errantes » de l'époque classique, la définition des planètes est empreinte d'ambigüité. Durant sa longue utilisation, le mot a eu différentes significations, souvent équivalentes.
Wirtinger derivativesIn complex analysis of one and several complex variables, Wirtinger derivatives (sometimes also called Wirtinger operators), named after Wilhelm Wirtinger who introduced them in 1927 in the course of his studies on the theory of functions of several complex variables, are partial differential operators of the first order which behave in a very similar manner to the ordinary derivatives with respect to one real variable, when applied to holomorphic functions, antiholomorphic functions or simply differentiabl
Circular definitionA circular definition is a type of definition that uses the term(s) being defined as part of the description or assumes that the term(s) being described are already known. There are several kinds of circular definition, and several ways of characterising the term: pragmatic, lexicographic and linguistic. Circular definitions are related to Circular reasoning in that they both involve a self-referential approach. Circular definitions may be unhelpful if the audience must either already know the meaning of the key term, or if the term to be defined is used in the definition itself.
Geophysical definition of planetThe International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) is the internationally recognized body charged with fostering agreement on nomenclature and classification across geoscientific disciplines. However, they have yet to create a formal definition of the term planet. As a result, there are various geophysical definitions in use among professional geophysicists, planetary scientists, and other professionals in the geosciences. Many professionals opt to use one of several of these geophysical definitions instead of the definition voted on by the International Astronomical Union.
Fonction quadratiqueEn mathématiques, une fonction quadratique est une fonction de plusieurs variables polynomiale de degré 2. Cette notion généralise ainsi celle de fonction du second degré. Elle réalise aussi la partie régulière du développement de Taylor à l’ordre 2 pour une fonction de plusieurs variables. La matrice hessienne associée est la même en tout point, et ne dépend que de la forme quadratique constituée par les termes de degré 2. Elle permet aussi d’écrire le système d'équations linéaires qui détermine les points critiques de la fonction.
Pearson correlation coefficientIn statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data. It is the ratio between the covariance of two variables and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such that the result always has a value between −1 and 1. As with covariance itself, the measure can only reflect a linear correlation of variables, and ignores many other types of relationships or correlations.
