Surface régléeEn géométrie, une surface réglée est une surface par chaque point de laquelle passe une droite, appelée génératrice, contenue dans la surface. On peut décrire une surface réglée S en la considérant comme la réunion d'une famille de droites D(u) dépendant d'un paramètre u parcourant une partie I de l'ensemble des réels. Il suffit pour cela de se donner pour chaque u dans I un point P(u) et un vecteur directeur de D(u). On obtient alors une représentation paramétrique de la surface S : L'arc paramétré par est appelé une courbe directrice de S.
SurfaceA surface, as the term is most generally used, is the outermost or uppermost layer of a physical object or space. It is the portion or region of the object that can first be perceived by an observer using the senses of sight and touch, and is the portion with which other materials first interact. The surface of an object is more than "a mere geometric solid", but is "filled with, spread over by, or suffused with perceivable qualities such as color and warmth".
Modèle de donnéesEn informatique, un modèle de données est un modèle qui décrit la manière dont sont représentées les données dans une organisation métier, un système d'information ou une base de données. Le terme modèle de données peut avoir deux significations : Un modèle de données théorique, c'est-à-dire une description formelle ou un modèle mathématique. Voir aussi modèle de base de données Un modèle de données instance, c'est-à-dire qui applique un modèle de données théorique (modélisation des données) pour créer un modèle de données instance.
Valence and conduction bandsIn solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states. On a graph of the electronic band structure of a semiconducting material, the valence band is located below the Fermi level, while the conduction band is located above it.
Surface (topology)In the part of mathematics referred to as topology, a surface is a two-dimensional manifold. Some surfaces arise as the boundaries of three-dimensional solid figures; for example, the sphere is the boundary of the solid ball. Other surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to any ambient space. For example, the Klein bottle is a surface that cannot be embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space.
Surfaces de ScherkIn mathematics, a Scherk surface (named after Heinrich Scherk) is an example of a minimal surface. Scherk described two complete embedded minimal surfaces in 1834; his first surface is a doubly periodic surface, his second surface is singly periodic. They were the third non-trivial examples of minimal surfaces (the first two were the catenoid and helicoid). The two surfaces are conjugates of each other. Scherk surfaces arise in the study of certain limiting minimal surface problems and in the study of harmonic diffeomorphisms of hyperbolic space.
Quantum dot displayA quantum dot display is a display device that uses quantum dots (QD), semiconductor nanocrystals which can produce pure monochromatic red, green, and blue light. Photo-emissive quantum dot particles are used in LCD backlights or display color filters. Quantum dots are excited by the blue light from the display panel to emit pure basic colors, which reduces light losses and color crosstalk in color filters, improving display brightness and color gamut.
Nanocrystal solar cellNanocrystal solar cells are solar cells based on a substrate with a coating of nanocrystals. The nanocrystals are typically based on silicon, CdTe or CIGS and the substrates are generally silicon or various organic conductors. Quantum dot solar cells are a variant of this approach which take advantage of quantum mechanical effects to extract further performance. Dye-sensitized solar cells are another related approach, but in this case the nano-structuring is a part of the substrate.
Surface de RiemannEn géométrie différentielle et géométrie analytique complexe, une surface de Riemann est une variété complexe de dimension 1. Cette notion a été introduite par Bernhard Riemann pour prendre en compte les singularités et les complications topologiques qui accompagnent certains prolongements analytiques de fonctions holomorphes. Par oubli de structure, une surface de Riemann se présente comme une variété différentielle réelle de dimension 2, d'où le nom surface. Elles ont été nommées en hommage au mathématicien allemand Bernhard Riemann.
Pitch classIn music, a pitch class (p.c. or pc) is a set of all pitches that are a whole number of octaves apart; for example, the pitch class C consists of the Cs in all octaves. "The pitch class C stands for all possible Cs, in whatever octave position." Important to musical set theory, a pitch class is "all pitches related to each other by octave, enharmonic equivalence, or both." Thus, using scientific pitch notation, the pitch class "C" is the set {Cn : n is an integer} = {..., C−2, C−1, C0, C1, C2, C3 ...}.
