Analogue filterAnalogue filters are a basic building block of signal processing much used in electronics. Amongst their many applications are the separation of an audio signal before application to bass, mid-range, and tweeter loudspeakers; the combining and later separation of multiple telephone conversations onto a single channel; the selection of a chosen radio station in a radio receiver and rejection of others.
Wallace treeA Wallace multiplier is a hardware implementation of a binary multiplier, a digital circuit that multiplies two integers. It uses a selection of full and half adders (the Wallace tree or Wallace reduction) to sum partial products in stages until two numbers are left. Wallace multipliers reduce as much as possible on each layer, whereas Dadda multipliers try to minimize the required number of gates by postponing the reduction to the upper layers. Wallace multipliers were devised by the Australian computer scientist Chris Wallace in 1964.
Hazard (computer architecture)In the domain of central processing unit (CPU) design, hazards are problems with the instruction pipeline in CPU microarchitectures when the next instruction cannot execute in the following clock cycle, and can potentially lead to incorrect computation results. Three common types of hazards are data hazards, structural hazards, and control hazards (branching hazards). There are several methods used to deal with hazards, including pipeline stalls/pipeline bubbling, operand forwarding, and in the case of out-of-order execution, the scoreboarding method and the Tomasulo algorithm.
Filtre de BesselLe filtre de Bessel, également désigné sous le nom de filtre de Thompson, est un filtre polynomial (« tout pôle ») dont la caractéristique principale est d'offrir un délai constant en bande passante. Concrètement, cela signifie que toutes les fréquences pures, en bande, le traversent en un temps rigoureusement égal. Le filtre de Bessel permet donc de minimiser la distorsion que subit un signal complexe lors d'une opération de filtrage.
Quadrature mirror filterIn digital signal processing, a quadrature mirror filter is a filter whose magnitude response is the mirror image around of that of another filter. Together these filters, first introduced by Croisier et al., are known as the quadrature mirror filter pair. A filter is the quadrature mirror filter of if . The filter responses are symmetric about : In audio/voice codecs, a quadrature mirror filter pair is often used to implement a filter bank that splits an input signal into two bands.
Tube (informatique)En génie logiciel, un tube ou une pipeline est un mécanisme de communication inter-processus sous la forme d'une série de données, octets ou bits, accessibles en FIFO. Le patron de conception qui correspond à ce mécanisme s'appelle le filtre. Les tubes des shell, inventés pour UNIX, permettent de lier la sortie d'un programme à l'entrée du suivant dans les shell et permet, tel quel, de créer des filtres. Ces tubes sont réalisés par l'intermédiaire de mécanisme sous-jacent appelé tubes anonymes.
Champ de vuedroite|vignette|L'angle de vue peut être mesuré horizontalement, verticalement ou en diagonale. Le champ de vue est la mesure du monde observable tel que vu à un temps donné. Dans le cas d'instruments d'optique ou de capteurs, c'est l'angle solide au travers duquel un détecteur est sensible aux rayonnements électromagnétiques. La capacité visuelle d'un animal n'est pas uniforme à travers le champ de vue, et varie d'un animal à l'autre.
Ringing artifactsIn signal processing, particularly , ringing artifacts are artifacts that appear as spurious signals near sharp transitions in a signal. Visually, they appear as bands or "ghosts" near edges; audibly, they appear as "echos" near transients, particularly sounds from percussion instruments; most noticeable are the pre-echos. The term "ringing" is because the output signal oscillates at a fading rate around a sharp transition in the input, similar to a bell after being struck.
Ghosting (television)In television, a ghost is a replica of the transmitted image, offset in position, that is superimposed on top of the main image. It is often caused when a TV signal travels by two different paths to a receiving antenna, with a slight difference in timing. Common causes of ghosts (in the more specific sense) are: Mismatched impedance along the communication channel, which causes unwanted reflections. The technical term for this phenomenon is ringing.
Alpha blendingEn infographie, la simulation de transparence ou alpha blending est une technique graphique consistant à ajouter de la transparence à des images en deux dimensions ou à des objets tridimensionnels. Les deux cas sont semblables étant donné qu'un objet 3D donné est souvent modélisé par des surfaces avec une image servant de texture. La technique de simulation de transparence consiste à ajouter à chaque pixel une valeur, par exemple un octet (nombre de 0 à 255), définissant le caractère translucide de la surface et appelée canal alpha.
